The Accuracy of the Dale and Evans Method of Determining the Hydrogen Ion Concentration of Blood

Taylor, H. A.

doi:10.1042/bj0170406

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“…This potential difference is much higher than that found in the case of whole blood in contact with salt solution across a membrane, as iD the Dale Evans method of determin ing the pH of blood ; there the plasma proteins are the ones which determine the potential difference as has been shown previously (Taylor, 1923). This shows that the haemoglobin in the corpuscles must have much more strongly ionic properties than the colloids of the plasma aud must be ionised to a considerable extent.…”

Section: Discussion Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

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The ionic nature of hœmoglobin

1924

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B.

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Section: Discussion Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…After dialysing for about half an hour the hydrogen-ion concentration in the dialysate is taken as being equal to that of the plasma. The Donnan equilibrium effect at the membrane between whole blood and saline solution has previously been proved to be negligible (Taylor, 1923). The hydrogen-ion concentration of the saline…”

Section: Detailed Description Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ionic nature of hœmoglobin

1924

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B.

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A comparison between the colorimetric and the electrometric methods of determining the hydrogen ion concentration of blood

Conway-Verney¹,

Bayliss²

1923

The Journal of Physiology

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EVANS (5) found that the hydrogen ion concentration of blood and sodium bicarbonate solution as determined by the dialysis method of Dale and Evans(3) was pH 0*2 greater than that of the same solution under the same conditions as determined by the hydrogen electrode. After excluding various possible explanations such as loss of C02 during dialysis, he came to the conclusion that the error lay in the hydrogen electrode, and that the platinum black on it catalyses a reduction of the C02 present in the gas atmosphere to formic acid. In view of the fact that the hydrogen electrode is usually regarded as the standard in all measurements of hydrogen ion concentration, it seemed desirable to repeat Evans' experiments.Several workers have already published experiments on this problem, notably Cullen and Hastings(2) who found a perfect agreement between indicator and electrode in the case of bicarbonate solutions; they did not perform any experiments on blood, Warburgu) points out that Evans' explanation of his discrepancy is wrong, since his values of pK, (the constant in the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation) are not dependent on the C02 tension. He has found, moreover, that the combined CO2 in an alkali bicarbonate solution does not decrease when the solution is treated for half an hour or more with hydrogen in the presence of platinum black. These, together with other reasons, led Warburg to the conclusion that Evans allowed the hydrogen in contact with his electrode to become contaminated with oxygen. Indeed, Evans admits in the paper referred to, that sometimes his gas contained oxygen; and the technique which he used would make it very difficult to avoid this. Cullen and Hastings(2), and Chambers (1), on the contrary, ascribe the discrepancies observed in the determination of the cH of blood to the unequal distribution of ions across the dialysis membrane, apparently regardless of the fact that this phenomenon can be ruled out as of

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The determination of the hydrogen‐ion concentration of the blood

Bayliss¹,

Kerridge²,

Verney³

1926

The Journal of Physiology

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A. Introduction. The work reported in this paper had for its object a, comparative study of three of the most valuable methods of determining the hydrogen-ion concentration of the blood, and arose from the development of the glass electrode technique (Brown(l), Kerridge(2)), which, from the point of view both of its accuracy and of its convenience in use, seemed an appropriate standard with which the Dale-Evans colorimetric method might be compared, particularly since a certain amount of controversy has arisen as to the accuracy of this last method (for literature see L e pp e r and Martin (3)). For the sake of completeness, and in order to check any such consistent errors as might arise, (i) from loss of C02, or (ii) from the depolarisation of the hydrogen electrode through reduction of C02 by the platinum black, the use of this electrode also was included in the comparison. The results given thus serve to determine both systematic differences (if any such exist) between the three methods, and also their individual instrumental and observational errors; they are an amplification of results already published by two, of us(4).B. Technique. (1) Hydrogen electrode. The chief difficulty in making accurate measurements on blood with the hydrogen electrode is the necessity of complete elimination of oxygen, and in this series of experiments the blood was always carboxylated by preliminary saturation with a hydrogen-carbon monoxide mixture. In this way the blood was very easily and completely saturated with hydrogen in the electrode vessel, the measurements with the glass electrode and with the colorimetric method were not upset by drifts due to a slow absorption of oxygen, and the readings with the hydrogen electrode were not rendered inaccurate by a somewhat doubtful correction for the change in reaction with oxygenation.

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The Accuracy of the Dale and Evans Method of Determining the Hydrogen Ion Concentration of Blood

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

The ionic nature of hœmoglobin

The ionic nature of hœmoglobin

A comparison between the colorimetric and the electrometric methods of determining the hydrogen ion concentration of blood

The determination of the hydrogen‐ion concentration of the blood

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