The Absolute Saturation of Cubic Cobalt

Effect of geometry on magnetization distortion in closed-circuit magnetic measurements

“…A literature search has found no reports about such an image effect in closed-circuit measurements, and the search covers eight decades back to 1926 when Weiss termed the effect as a ''magnetic image'' [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]12,13]. Furthermore, all the reports we found related to the image effect in open-circuit measurements mentioned neither the specimens' geometry effect nor the material type effect.…”

“…The image effect has been described as related to saturation of the electromagnet (EM) pole-tips. When approaching magnetic saturation, the permeability of the pole tip material diminishes to a marked extent, causing the sensitivity of the measuring apparatus to decrease proportionately [6]. Allen and Constant [6] used an ''image correction coefficient'' in the range of 1.118-2.18 for effective magnetic field H ¼ 6500-11,825 G to report corrections.…”

“…When approaching magnetic saturation, the permeability of the pole tip material diminishes to a marked extent, causing the sensitivity of the measuring apparatus to decrease proportionately [6]. Allen and Constant [6] used an ''image correction coefficient'' in the range of 1.118-2.18 for effective magnetic field H ¼ 6500-11,825 G to report corrections. Several other researchers also described the open-circuit image effect [7][8][9] as the interaction of the specimen and the EM pole pieces in an open gap, which varies with the permeability of the pole-tips and so depends on the state of saturation of the EM pole tip material.…”

Laser Additive Manufacturing of Magnetic Materials

“…are 16Co-13Fe-30Ni-1Cr-40Al (at%) and 6Co-52Fe-1Ni-36Cr-5Al (at%), respectively; while for x=0, they are 8Fe-44Ni-1Cr-47Al (at%) and 42Fe-1Ni-42Cr-15Al (at%), respectively. Therefore, quite likely, the high Co content in the B2 phase for the x=0.4 composition, is what causes the strongly ferromagnetic behavior 26,27 ; while the bcc phase in the same case is rather weakly ferromagnetic due to the high content of antiferromagnetic Cr, as well as a lower Co content.…”

“…This difference in lattice parameters manifests as residual stresses in the built components. In some cases, the magnitude of residual stress in a built part can exceed 50-80% of the yield stress of the material as measured by neutron diffraction 25,26 . This residual stress can easily be reduced via thermomechanical processing, such as annealing steps.…”