The Absolute Chronology of Collective Burials From the 2nd Millennium Bc in East Central Europe

Makarowicz, Przemysław; Goslar, Tomasz; Górski, Jacek; Taras, Halina; Szczepanek, Anita; Pospieszny, Łukasz; Jagodinska, Marina O.; Ilchyshyn, Vasyl; Włodarczak, Piotr; Juras, Anna; Chyleński, Maciej; Muzolf, Przemysław; Lasota-Kuś, Anna; Wójcik, Irena; Matoga, Andrzej; Nowak, Marek; Przybyła, Marcin M.; Marcinkowska-Swojak, Malgorzata; Figlerowicz, Marek; Grygiel, Ryszard; Czebreszuk, Janusz; Kochkin, Igor T.

doi:10.1017/rdc.2020.139

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…Bayesian modelling of 14 C dates from a dozen mass graves in the cemetery at Żerniki Górne in the Lesser Poland Upland -the largest 'Trzciniec' necropolis -confirmed its functioning for about 300 years. Partially synchronous use of graves was found and a scenario of spatial and chronological development of this cemetery was presented (Makarowicz et al, 2021). The collective graves were used for several dozen to over 200 years, with several to 30 individuals found in 'antipodal' arrangements, i.e.…”

Section: Collective Burials and Bayesian Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migration and kinship in East-Central Europe in the 1st half of the 2nd millennium BC

Makarowicz¹

2021

Treasures of Time: Research of the Faculty of Archaeology of Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań

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This article presents the results of research conducted within the framework of a multi- disciplinary project investigating the issues of migration, mobility, and kinship of the Middle Bronze Age communities inhabiting East-Central Europe, more specifically the Upland belt of modern Poland and western Ukraine. The main objective of the project is to verify or falsify two hypotheses provided by the literature. The first one concerns the issue of the migration of the Trzciniec Cultural Circle (TCC) population from the Lowland belt of East-Central Europe south- wards into the Upland belt. The other considers kinship as a fundamental factor generating the emergence, rules of aggregation, and shape of the ‘Trzciniec’ social structures. In addition, the project addresses a number of issues related to the social structure, rituals, and diet of the study communities. An application of the methods that are specific to humanities (archaeology and cultural anthropology) and sciences (physical anthropology, molecular biology – genetics, isotope geochemistry, physics, chemistry, and statistics), and possible genetic affiliations of the ‘Trzciniec’ communities and the population of the preceding Early Bronze Age groups (mainly the Mierzanowice and Strzyżów cultures) are presented; the potential kinship pattern of the deceased buried in the graves representing these cultural groups are also indicated. The results of Bayesian modelling of the 14 C date series for the TCC collective burials – a key factor in the study of the kinship and the mortuary rituals of this group – are highlighted. Finally, the paper discusses the current results of research on the mobility and diet of the communities from the late 3 rd and 2 nd millennia BC undertaken within the frame of this project as well as in cooperation with other research programmes.

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Section: Collective Burials and Bayesian Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migration and kinship in East-Central Europe in the 1st half of the 2nd millennium BC

Makarowicz¹

2021

Treasures of Time: Research of the Faculty of Archaeology of Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań

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“…The characteristic form of burial rite among TCC societies was collective graves [22,[46][47][48]. The deceased were placed in antithetic (antipodal) order, with heads on the shorter side of a pit and legs pointing to its centre (Fig 2).…”

Section: Trzciniec Cultural Circle An Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was preceded by moving the remains of previously buried individuals, likely at various stages of decomposition, to make space for the new interments. Radiocarbon dating of tombs from numerous cemeteries in Poland and western Ukraine indicates that the collective graves were in use from periods of 10 years to a maximum of 200-250 years [47,49,50]. They could therefore be used by several to even a dozen generations or more.…”

Section: Trzciniec Cultural Circle An Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Near them, five pits filled with burnt animal bones and fragments of ceramic vessels were unearthed. The stone circles and pits were covered by a mound (the assumed central burial was destroyed by a modern pit), with the oldest graves located nearby and younger ones dug into it [47]. In total, 16 graves were discovered in which at least 170 individuals were buried.…”

Section: żErniki Go ´Rnementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Between one to three individuals from each grave were AMS 14 C-dated and targeted with δ 13 C and δ 15 N analyses (Table 1) [45,47]. In all but one case, the outer parts of petrosal bones were sampled.…”

Section: żErniki Go ´Rnementioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing the mobility of Bronze Age societies in East-Central Europe. A strontium and oxygen isotope perspective on two archaeological sites

et al. 2023

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European Bronze Age societies are generally characterised by increased mobility and the application of isotopic methods to archaeology has allowed the rate and range of human travels to be quantified. However, little is known about the mobility of the people inhabiting East-Central Europe in the late Early and Middle Bronze Age (1950–1250 BC) whose primary subsistence strategy was herding supported by crop cultivation. This paper presents the results of strontium (87Sr/86Sr) and oxygen (δ18O) isotope analyses in the enamel of people buried in collective graves at the cemeteries in Gustorzyn and Żerniki Górne. These sites are located in Kujawy and the Nida Basin, a lowland and an upland region with clearly different environmental conditions, respectively. Both sites are classified as belonging to the Trzciniec cultural circle and were used between 16th and 13th centuries BC. Among the 34 examined individuals only an adult female from Gustorzyn can be assessed as non-local based on both 87Sr/86Sr and δ18O signatures in her first molar. This may indicate the practice of exogamy in the studied population but more generally corresponds with the hypothesis of limited mobility within these societies, as has previously been inferred from archaeological evidence, anthropological analysis, and stable isotope-based diet reconstruction. New and existing data evaluated in this paper show that the 87Sr/86Sr variability in the natural environment of both regions is relatively high, allowing the tracking of short-range human mobility. A series of oxygen isotope analyses (conducted for all but one individuals studied with strontium isotopes) indicates that δ18O ratios measured in phosphate are in agreement with the predicted modern oxygen isotope precipitation values, and that this method is useful in detecting travels over larger distances. The challenges of using both 87Sr/86Sr and δ18O isotopic systems in provenance studies in the glacial landscapes of temperate Europe are also discussed.

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Accuracy of the typological classifications of the Late Glacial and Early Holocene osseous projectile points according to the new AMS dates of selected artifacts from Poland

Orłowska

Osipowicz

2021

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

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Late Glacial and Early Holocene bone and antler artifacts are recovered from all over the Polish Lowland. Elements of projectile weaponry, in the form of various points made of osseous raw materials, were an important part of hunter-gatherer equipment of that time. We present the results of AMS dating of a unique collection of thirteen artifacts that had previously been chrono-culturally attributed by means of relative dating using typological approaches only. The results obtained are considered alongside current knowledge and typological arrangements for these types of tools in Europe. We also attempt to determine the interpretative potential of the technological studies to which the discussed osseous points were subjected in terms of possibly identifying processing techniques that can be specific to the given periods of the Stone Age. Suggestions made in this respect are verified through the radiocarbon dating results.

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The Absolute Chronology of Collective Burials From the 2nd Millennium Bc in East Central Europe

Cited by 10 publications

References 33 publications

Migration and kinship in East-Central Europe in the 1st half of the 2nd millennium BC

Migration and kinship in East-Central Europe in the 1st half of the 2nd millennium BC

Assessing the mobility of Bronze Age societies in East-Central Europe. A strontium and oxygen isotope perspective on two archaeological sites

Accuracy of the typological classifications of the Late Glacial and Early Holocene osseous projectile points according to the new AMS dates of selected artifacts from Poland

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