The absence of plasma in “spark plasma sintering”

Hulbert, Dustin M.; Anders, André; Dudina, Dina V.; Andersson, Joakim; Jiang, Dianlu; Unuvar, C.; Anselmi‐Tamburini, Umberto; Lavernia, Enrique J.; Mukherjee, Amiya K.

doi:10.1063/1.2963701

Cited by 157 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The mechanism for densification in this process is the subject of some controversy. Early work by Tokita suggested that the densification occurred due to "sparks" forming between particles due to a plasma generated by the SPS apparatus [64], though later experimental work by Hulbert et al disputes this [65]. In many cases there is little difference between hot pressing (where heat is supplied by an induction furnace rather than electric current through the die) and spark plasma sintering [66], with the advantages of the later chiefly originating from superior heating rates and higher applied pressures [1].…”

Section: Comparison To Other Non-conventional Ceramic Firing Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flash sintering of ceramic materials

Dancer¹

2016

Mater. Res. Express

154

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During flash sintering, ceramic materials can sinter to high density in a matter of seconds while subjected to electric field and elevated temperature. This process, which occurs at lower furnace temperatures and in shorter times than both conventional ceramic sintering and field-assisted methods such as spark plasma sintering, has the potential to radically reduce the power consumption required for the densification of ceramic materials. This paper reviews the experimental work on flash sintering methods carried out to date, and compares the properties of the materials obtained to those produced by conventional sintering. The flash sintering process is described for oxides of zirconium, yttrium, aluminium, tin, zinc, and titanium; silicon and boron carbide, zirconium diboride, materials for solid oxide fuel applications, ferroelectric materials, and composite materials. While experimental observations have been made on a wide range of materials, understanding of the underlying mechanisms responsible for the onset and latter stages of flash sintering is still elusive. Elements of the proposed theories to explain the observed behaviour include extensive Joule heating throughout the material causing thermal runaway, arrested by the current limitation in the power supply, and the formation of defect avalanches which rapidly and dramatically increase the sample conductivity.Undoubtedly, the flash sintering process is affected by the electric field strength, furnace temperature and current density limit, but also by microstructural features such as the presence of second phase particles or dopants and the particle size in the starting material. While further experimental work and modelling is still required to attain a full understanding capable of predicting the success of the flash sintering process in different materials, the technique nonetheless holds great potential for exceptional control of the ceramic sintering process.

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Section: Comparison To Other Non-conventional Ceramic Firing Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flash sintering of ceramic materials

Dancer¹

2016

Mater. Res. Express

154

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“…Zhang et al proposed that the spark plasmas may play a key role to provide most of the energy required in this diamond transition, and it provided an indirect way to validate the existence of the plasmas during the SPS. Due to the still on-going arguments about whether the spark plasmas actually occur during the SPS process (Anselmi-Tamburini et al, 2005, Hulbert et al, 2008, it needs further investigations on this point. In this part, we used such an indirect way to prove the presence of plasmas during the SPS.…”

Section: Stability Of Carbon Nanotubes C60 and Graphite Under Varioumentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Diamond Using Spark Plasma Sintering

Zhang¹,

Burkel²

2012

Sintering of Ceramics - New Emerging Techniques

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“…The name "Spark plasma sintering" is the most used denomination among a total of 60 found in the literature. [4] However, as no spark or plasma could be detected so far (which is a very difficult task anyway), [7,8] we prefer to add the more general name "field-assisted sintering technique," which also provides a convenient acronym. The common denomination "pulsed electric current sintering" insists upon the non-continuous nature of the electric supply.…”

Section: Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field‐Assisted Sintering Technology/Spark Plasma Sintering: Mechanisms, Materials, and Technology Developments

et al. 2014

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Field-assisted sintering technology/Spark plasma sintering is a low voltage, direct current (DC) pulsed current activated, pressure-assisted sintering, and synthesis technique, which has been widely applied for materials processing in the recent years. After a description of its working principles and historical background, mechanical, thermal, electrical effects in FAST/SPS are presented along with the role of atmosphere. A selection of successful materials development including refractory materials, nanocrystalline functional ceramics, graded, and non-equilibrium materials is then discussed. Finally, technological aspects (advanced tool concepts, temperature measurement, finite element simulations) are covered.

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The absence of plasma in “spark plasma sintering”

Cited by 157 publications

References 17 publications

Flash sintering of ceramic materials

Flash sintering of ceramic materials

Synthesis of Diamond Using Spark Plasma Sintering

Field‐Assisted Sintering Technology/Spark Plasma Sintering: Mechanisms, Materials, and Technology Developments

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