The absence of apoeccrine glands in the human axilla has disease pathogenetic implications, including axillary hyperhidrosis

Bovell, DL; Corbett, A.D.; Holmes, S.; MacDonald, Alison; Harker, Mark

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.07917.x

Cited by 38 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…1). The results in this study examining control and hyperhidrotic sweat glands were similar to those described previously (10). Thus, the previously reported markers for discriminating between the different gland types appear to be insufficiently specific to completely distinguish between eccrine and apocrine glands in this instance.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

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The secretory clear cell of the eccrine sweat gland as the probable source of excess sweat production in hyperhidrosis

Bovell

MacDonald

Meyer

et al. 2011

Experimental Dermatology

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Effect of T injection and EGCG on T and DHT concentrations in serum and hairAnalysis using LC-MS ⁄ MS on serum and hair samples was performed to determine the difference in the T and DHT concentrations in each group. We found no difference in the T and DHT concentrations between the T-injected and T + EGCG groups (unpublished data). ConclusionWe report the first in vivo experiment showing the influence of T injection and EGCG on hair follicles. Our results suggest that T injection in a B6CBAF1 ⁄ j mouse model induces hair loss by apoptosis of hair follicles rather than through the androgen metabolic pathway. Furthermore, it was shown that EGCG can prevent hair loss by reducing T-induced apoptosis of follicular epithelial cells and provoke hair re-growth after epilation.The best animal model of androgen-induced alopecia is the stump-tailed macaque, but because of its large size and high cost, researchers favour a more easily handled murine model (19). The B6CBAF1 ⁄ j mice used in this study were first introduced by Matias et al. (17) as a T-induced androgenic alopecia mice model. The B6CBAF1 ⁄ j mouse is not a perfect androgen-induced alopecia model in that androgen is needed to be given continuously, and once androgen supplementation ceases, the mouse regains its hair within 3 months. Because B6CBAF1 ⁄ j mice are convenient, costeffective and suitable with respect to the time course of results, B6CBAF1 ⁄ j mice were used in this study.Even though there was no difference in the expression of 17b-and 3b-HSD between the T-injected and T + EGCG groups, we cannot exclude the possibility of the effect of EGCG on androgen metabolism of hair follicles because EGCG application down-regulated T-induced AR expression of hair follicles. To resolve this question, further functional in vitro studies using hair follicle culture will be needed.From our study, we propose topical EGCG as a promising therapeutic tool in the management of androgen-related hair loss. Acknowledgements Conflict of interestThe authors declare no conflict of interests. Supporting InformationAdditional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article: Figure S1. Immunohistochemical histology of the upper dorsal skin stained with androgen receptor (a-f). Table S1. Number of hair follicles counted by Folliscope Ò on day16 after epilation. Table S2. Comparison of the intensity of the apoptosis by TUNEL staining and immunohistochemical staining of androgen receptor of the treated groups. Topical application of 10% EGCG (a), testosterone (T)'s vehicle injection (b), T injection (c), T injection + topical application of EGCG vehicle (ethanol)) (d), T injection + topical application of 10% cyproterone acetate (e), and T injection + topical application of EGCG (f) (·400).Appendix S1. Materials and methods. Please note: Wiley-Blackwell are not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting materials supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing material) should be directed to the corresponding author for the ...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…The role of primary, human, tissue-derived MCs in the process of tumor progression has not been defined yet (7)(8)(9)(10). In this study, we have developed a co-culture system of various types of cutaneous malignant cells with primary human skin-derived MCs.…”

Section: Questions Addressedmentioning

confidence: 99%

The secretory clear cell of the eccrine sweat gland as the probable source of excess sweat production in hyperhidrosis

Bovell

MacDonald

Meyer

et al. 2011

Experimental Dermatology

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“…48,50,56–59 The overall estimate of EGD was 1.28 glands/mm 2 (95% CI 0.91–1.64). The palms/soles had the highest EGD, followed by the head/neck, lower extremities, upper extremities, genitalia and trunk.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Reference values for skin microanatomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of ex vivo studies

Fonseca

Wolner

et al. 2017

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

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Background Few studies have characterized reference values of normal human skin microanatomy parameters. Objective To quantify histologic measurements of epidermal thickness (ET), melanocyte density (MD), hair follicle density (HFD), and eccrine gland density (EGD), as a function of age and anatomic site. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane databases for articles published through May 25, 2017. Two reviewers independently screened 2,016 articles; 327 relevant articles and 151 additional articles found via forward or reference citations underwent full-text review by one of four reviewers for relevance, data extraction, and critical appraisal. Weighted averages, meta-analysis, and meta-regression were used in statistical analysis. Results Fifty-six articles were included; using all anatomic locations, overall estimates for ET, MD, HFD, and EGD were 99.75 microns (95% CI 83.25–116.25), 955.05 cells/mm2 (95% CI 880.89–1029.21), 1.40 hairs/mm2 (95% CI 0.91–1.89), and 1.28 glands/mm2 (95% CI 0.91–1.64), respectively. Limitations There was significant data heterogeneity across studies, possibly due to differences in histological techniques and absence of standardized microanatomy definitions. Conclusion We established summary estimates for normal human skin microanatomy parameters.

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“…Hyperhidrosis can be a result of many underlying conditions, including internal diseases, drug uptake,specific skin diseases and emotional dysfunction [3,4]. It has been shown in several studies that many patients affected with hyperhidrosis suffer from social problems and impairments in daily activities, as well as emotional and physical strains [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Disease Burden of Hyperhidrosis in the Adult Population

Augustin

Radtke²,

Herberger³

et al. 2013

Dermatology

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Background: Although hyperhidrosis is a common and burdensome condition, little is known about the population-based prevalence. Objective: To evaluate the epidemiology, disease burden and medical care of hyperhidrosis in German adults. Methods: Employees of fifty-two companies underwent skin screenings and interviews including hyperhidrosis questions. Results: 14,336 individuals were investigated (36% women, mean age 42 years) of whom 2,340 (16.3%) reported hyperhidrosis, including 869 (6.1%) with frequent or continuous disturbing sweating. 28% showed focal hyperhidrosis, whilst 68% had a generalized condition. Predictors of hyperhidrosis were male gender and concomitant drug medication. Moreover, persons with psoriasis and with metabolic comorbidity were at increased risk. Only 27% of those with focal hyperhidrosis had consulted a physician, and only 28% used prescribed medication or self-medication. Conclusion: Hyperhidrosis is a frequent skin condition predicted by medical and personal factors. In spite of the disease burden, few individuals utilize medical care. Affected individuals should be encouraged to refer to a dermatologist.

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The absence of apoeccrine glands in the human axilla has disease pathogenetic implications, including axillary hyperhidrosis

Cited by 38 publications

References 32 publications

The secretory clear cell of the eccrine sweat gland as the probable source of excess sweat production in hyperhidrosis

The secretory clear cell of the eccrine sweat gland as the probable source of excess sweat production in hyperhidrosis

Reference values for skin microanatomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of ex vivo studies

Prevalence and Disease Burden of Hyperhidrosis in the Adult Population

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