The ABCG5 Polymorphism Contributes to Individual Responses to Dietary Cholesterol and Carotenoids in Eggs

Abstract

The ATP binding cassette G5 (ABCG5) polymorphisms have been postulated to play a role in the response to dietary cholesterol. The objective of this study was to examine the contribution of the ABCG5 polymorphism on the plasma response to consumption of cholesterol and carotenoids from eggs. For this purpose, genotyping was conducted for 40 men and 51 premenopausal women who were randomly assigned to consume an egg (EGG, 640 mg/d additional dietary cholesterol and 600 microg lutein+ zeaxanthin) or placebo (SUB, 0 mg/d cholesterol, 0 microg lutein + zeaxanthin) diet for 30 d. The two arms of the dietary intervention were separated by a 3-wk washout period. Plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), and HDL cholesterol were determined. Because eggs are an excellent source of lutein and zeaxanthin, the plasma levels of these carotenoids were also measured in a subset of subjects to determine whether the response to carotenoid intake was similar to that seen for dietary cholesterol and to evaluate the contribution of ABCG5 polymorphism to both responses. Individuals possessing the C/C genotype experienced a greater increase in both LDL-C (P < 0.05) and a trend for lutein (P = 0.08) during the EGG period compared with those individuals with the C/G (heterozygote) or G/G genotypes (homozygotes). These results, although obtained from a small number of subjects, suggest that the ABCG5 polymorphism may play a role in the plasma response to dietary cholesterol and carotenoids.

Association of Dietary and Serum Cholesterol with Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Hospital Based Study

“…It's therefore possible that dietary cholesterol may fuel such pathologic progress of the disease. Macrophages upon infection with virulent Mtb had been frequently observed to accumulate lipid bodies to become foamy macrophages (FM) and are essential for allowing the pathogen to establish chronic infection (Peyron et al, 2008).The differentiation of alveolar macrophages to FM was also shown to be triggered in vitro by infection with Mtb or even by treatment with Mtb specific envelops compounds like oxygenated form of mycolic acid (Korf et al, 2005) and TDM (trehalose dimycolates) (Bowdish et al, 2009;Kim et al, 2010).Increased intakes of cholesterol from the diet may accelerate this formation of FM by increasing host cholesterol levels as dietary cholesterol was reported to increase serum total cholesterol levels (Clarke et al, 1997,Weggerman et al, 2001, but other studies restrict such effects to some groups labeled as hyperresponders showing a significant increase in LDL levels with increased intakes of dietary cholesterol (Herron et al, 2006: Chakrabarty et al, 2004. One effect of dietary cholesterol after being absorbed is that higher amounts of cholesterol being transported in chylomicron remanants could increase the cholesterol pool of the liver after it is taken up by LDL receptors (Van der et al, 2013).…”

Cholesterol absorption status and fasting plasma cholesterol are modulated by the microsomal triacylglycerol transfer protein −493 G/T polymorphism and the usual diet in women

“…It has largely been described that upon controlled dietary interventions dedicated to lower plasma or LDL cholesterol, part of subjects showed a marked response, while others did not exhibit any change [5,11,15,50], thus highly suggesting an important gene-diet interaction. According to other authors, the minor variant -493T allele in MTP promoter has been associated with lower serum LDL cholesterol [2,14,17,19] but not in all studies [38,49].…”

Hen egg carotenoids (lutein and zeaxanthin) and nutritional impacts on human health: a review

“…Thus, it is important to look at eggs as more than a cholesterol-delivery system. Eggs are an inexpensive and low-calorie source of high-quality protein and other nutrients (Herron et al, 2006). In addition, the lipid matrix of the egg yolk enhances the bioavailability of valuable carotenoid pigments, including lutein and zeaxanthin without having any detrimental effects on lipoprotein or glucose metabolism (Ballesteros et al, 2015;Blesso, 2015).…”