“…The notion of deficit thinking has a long history in education circles, at times expressed in the discriminatory belief that school failure, particularly for marginalised students, can be attributed to inherent deficiencies including cognition, motivation, family function and/or cultural competency (Swadener, 1995; Valencia, 1997). This model, ‘rooted in ignorance, classism, racism, sexism, pseudoscience, and methodologically flawed research’ (Valencia, 1997, p. xii), is further moored in Enlightenment notions of humanity that privilege a White European subject as the pinnacle of progress (Maudlin, 2014). Brought to bear on the construct of childhood, a deficit perspective privileges inexperience while pathologising experience.…”