The 7R polymorphism in the dopamine receptor D4 gene (DRD4) is associated with financial risk taking in men

Dreber, Anna; Apicella, Coren L.; Eisenberg, Dan T. A.; Garcia, Justin R.; Zamore, Richard S.; Lum, J. Koji; Campbell, Benjamin

doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2008.11.001

Cited by 182 publications

(175 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…In humans, a role for testosterone in promoting risktaking via dopaminergic pathways is suggested by studies showing that baseline testosterone (Apicella et al 2008) and the 7Rþ allele of the DRD4 dopamine receptor gene (Dreber et al 2009) have similar positive associations with men's propensity for risk-taking. Although these results pertain to baseline testosterone, acute testosterone increases could cause men to facultatively adopt the greater risk-taking proclivities of higher testosterone men.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Androgen receptor gene sequence and basal cortisol concentrations predict men's hormonal responses to potential mates

2009

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Exposure to potential mates triggers rapid elevations of testosterone and glucocorticoid concentrations in males of many non-human species, and preliminary studies support similar effects in human males. The human studies have all reported large individual differences in these responses, however, and the present study tested whether specific biological variables may help explain these differences. Replicating past research, the present study found that men's salivary testosterone and cortisol concentrations increased after a brief conversation with a young woman, but did not change (or slightly decreased) after a conversation with a young man. In addition, smaller numbers of CAG repeats in men's androgen receptor gene, and lower baseline cortisol concentrations, each predicted larger testosterone responses to the interactions with women. The CAG repeat finding demonstrates that a specific genetic polymorphism predicts physiological responses to social interactions that may in turn have important downstream consequences on men's mating behaviour. The effects of cortisol are consistent with past demonstrations of glucocorticoid inhibition of testosterone production and show that such inhibition also affects testosterone responses to social stimuli. In sum, the present study both confirms men's hormonal reactions to potential mates and identifies novel biological variables that predict individual differences in these responses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Androgen receptor gene sequence and basal cortisol concentrations predict men's hormonal responses to potential mates

2009

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“…Previously, an association of this variant of DRD4E3 with a penchant for migration and the search for novelty has been demonstrated [30], as well as competitiveness, aggressiveness, as well as a willingness to take big financial risks [31].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular-Genetic Polymorphisms of Dopamine, Serotonin and Androgenic Systems as Molecular Markers of Success in Judo Wrestling Sportsmen

Butovskaya¹,

Vasilyev²

2013

JBABM

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In this study we tested gene-candidates, associated with the stress-resistance and personality traits, aggression in particular, in 16 world-class judo sportsmen, and 40 young men as a control sample from general Russian population (all men were of Caucasian origin). The polygenic profile with 9 candidate genes which included 10 polymorphisms (i.e., AR, DRD4, DRD2, DAT1, COMT, 5-HTTL, MAOA, HTR1A and HTR2A) connected to the functioning of serotonin, dopamine, and androgenic systems were determined. It was demonstrated that judo sportsmen significantly differed from the control group by higher frequencies of AR alleles with lower numbers of CAG repeats, V/V genotype of COMT gene, and G/G genotype of HTR1A gene, thus suggesting these polymorphisms as genetic markers of sportive success in wrestling.

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“…This is not ideal, because it reduces The sensitive genotypes included are related to the processing of neurotransmitters that play an important role in a variety of behaviors related to economic standing (e.g., attention, aggression, depression) (Pearson-Fuhrhop et al 2014;McDermott et al 2009;Cummins et al 2012). Furthermore, experimental research suggests variation at these genes is associated with financial decision making (e.g., Carpenter et al 2011;Dreber et al 2009;Zhong et al 2009aZhong et al , 2009b. Because individual alleles are not likely to have strong enough effects on complex outcomes for statistical detection (Pearson-Fuhrhop et al 2014) and to conform to the increasingly common practice of using polygenic or additive genetic measures (Mitchell et al 2014;Pearson-Fuhrhop et al 2013;Stice et al 2012; Belsky and Beaver 2011), I create a genetic sensitivity score by summing all of the sensitive alleles held by an individual.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, recent experimental evidence (Kuhnen and Chiao 2009;Dreber et al 2009) suggests that the long 5-HTT allele and the 7-repeat DRD4 allele are positively associated with risk taking in financial investment decisions. Carpenter et al (2011) find that the 7-repeat DRD4 allele is associated with risk-taking in economic experiments and predicts financial choice patterns.…”

Section: Intergenerational Mobilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The body of research linking genotype to financial decision making is growing, but tends to rely on experimental evidence (e.g., Carpenter et al 2011;Dreber et al 2009;Zhong et al 2009aZhong et al , 2009b. Although real life financial decision making may differ from that in the lab, the evidence that exists suggests that the genetic variants examined here may be associated with financial outcomes either directly through financial decision making or indirectly through health and behavioral measures such as ADHD (Fletcher 2014).…”

Section: Intergenerational Mobilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plastic and immobile: Unequal intergenerational mobility by genetic sensitivity score within sibling pairs

Rauscher

2017

Social Science Research

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Contrary to traditional biological arguments, the differential susceptibility model suggests genotype may moderate rather than mediate parent-child economic similarity. Using family fixed effects models of Add Health sibling data, I investigate the relationship between an index of sensitive genotypes and intergenerational mobility. Full, same sex sibling comparisons hold constant parental characteristics and address the non-random distribution of genotype that reduces internal validity in nationally representative samples. Across multiple measures of young adult financial standing, those with more copies of sensitive genotypes achieve lower economic outcomes than their sibling if they are from a low income context but fare better from a high income context. This genetic sensitivity to parental income entails lower intergenerational mobility. Results support the differential susceptibility model and contradict simplistic genetic explanations for intergenerational inequality, suggesting sensitive genotypes are not inherently positive or negative but rather increase dependence on parental income and reduce mobility.

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The 7R polymorphism in the dopamine receptor D4 gene (DRD4) is associated with financial risk taking in men

Cited by 182 publications

References 54 publications

Androgen receptor gene sequence and basal cortisol concentrations predict men's hormonal responses to potential mates

Androgen receptor gene sequence and basal cortisol concentrations predict men's hormonal responses to potential mates

Molecular-Genetic Polymorphisms of Dopamine, Serotonin and Androgenic Systems as Molecular Markers of Success in Judo Wrestling Sportsmen

Plastic and immobile: Unequal intergenerational mobility by genetic sensitivity score within sibling pairs

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