The 3-ketodihydrosphingosine synthetase of Bacteroides melaninogenicus: Induction by vitamin K

Lev, M.; Milford, Albert F.

doi:10.1016/0003-9861(73)90668-1

Cited by 42 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…17 Pyridoxal phosphate is a cofactor for serine palmitoyltransferase, but its relationship to the activation of the enzyme by vitamin K is not understood in this in vitro model. 96 In this series of studies using P. levii, the addition of vitamin K to extracts of serine palmitoyltransferase did not increase the enzyme's activity, whereas the addition of vitamin K to intact P. levii cells did.…”

Section: Vitamin K and Sphingolipid Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 92%

Vitamin K and Sphingolipid Metabolism: Evidence to Date

Denisova

Booth

2005

Nutrition Reviews

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The brain is enriched with sphingolipids, which are important membrane constituents and major lipid signaling molecules that have a role in motor and cognitive behavior. Vitamin K has been implicated in brain sphingolipid metabolism for more than 30 years. The in vitro and in vivo studies to date suggest a role of vitamin K in the regulation of multiple enzymes involved in sphingolipid metabolism within the myelin-rich regions in the brain. However, the precise mechanisms of action are not well understood. Further, the physiological consequences of the observed effects of vitamin K on sphingolipid metabolism have not been systematically studied.

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Section: Vitamin K and Sphingolipid Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 92%

Vitamin K and Sphingolipid Metabolism: Evidence to Date

Denisova

Booth

2005

Nutrition Reviews

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“…Homology of the LCB1 predicted protein to the Escherichia coli biotin synthetase was also observed, but the biological significance of this observation is not clear. A role for sphingolipids in sporulation is implicated by our finding that diploids homozygous for kcbl failed to sporulate.Sphingolipids are membrane components found in animals (13), higher plants (18), and fungi (5); they are rarely present in procaryotes (20). In spite of much effort, it has been difficult to understand the exact biological role(s) of sphingolipids and their mode of action at the molecular level.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sphingolipids are membrane components found in animals (13), higher plants (18), and fungi (5); they are rarely present in procaryotes (20). In spite of much effort, it has been difficult to understand the exact biological role(s) of sphingolipids and their mode of action at the molecular level.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cloning and characterization of LCB1, a Saccharomyces gene required for biosynthesis of the long-chain base component of sphingolipids

et al. 1991

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The existence of auxotrophic mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae having an absolute requirement for the long-chain base (lcb) component of sphingolipids suggests that sphingolipids are crucial for viability and growth. One mutant, termed the lcbl-l mutant, lacks the activity of serine palmitoyltransferase, the first enzyme in the pathway for long-chain base synthesis. Here, we present evidence that LCBI has been molecularly cloned. The size of the LCBJ transcript, the direction of transcription, and transcription initiation sites were determined. In addition, the coding region and its 5' and 3' flanking regions were sequenced. Analysis of the DNA sequence revealed a single open reading frame of 1,674 nucleotides, encoding a predicted peptide of 558 amino acids. The hydropathy profile of the predicted peptide suggests a hydrophobic, globular, membrane-associated protein with two potential transmembrane helices. Comparison of the predicted amino acid sequence to known protein sequences revealed homology to 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase and to 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate coenzyme A ligase. These homologies, the similarity of the chemical reactions catalyzed by the three enzymes, and the finding that LCB1 restores serine palmitoyltransferase activity to an lcbl-defective strain indicate that serine palmitoyltransferase or a subunit of the enzyme is the most likely product of LCB1. Homology of the LCB1 predicted protein to the Escherichia coli biotin synthetase was also observed, but the biological significance of this observation is not clear. A role for sphingolipids in sporulation is implicated by our finding that diploids homozygous for kcbl failed to sporulate.Sphingolipids are membrane components found in animals (13), higher plants (18), and fungi (5); they are rarely present in procaryotes (20). In spite of much effort, it has been difficult to understand the exact biological role(s) of sphingolipids and their mode of action at the molecular level. In animals, sphingolipids are thought to play a role in such general cellular events as cell-to-cell recognition, regulation of cell growth, and differentiation (13,19). Sphingolipids have been shown to promote a variety of specific biological activities (for a review, see reference 15). For diseases such as cancer (14), there are changes in the cellular concentration and composition of sphingolipids, but the relationship of these changes to the disease state is unclear. Recently it has been suggested that long-chain bases, such as the sphingolipid precursor sphingosine, and the breakdown products of sphingolipids, lysosphingolipids, may have important biological functions (for a review, see reference 15).Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains a small and unique set of sphingolipids with the compositions inositol-p-ceramide, mannose-inositol-p-ceramide, and mannose-(inositol-p)2-ceramide (36, 39). These sphingolipids and those in other fungi and plants all contain the inositol phosphorylceramide moiety and phytosphingosine. Animal sphingolipids lack inositol phosphate and i...

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“…Vitamin K, a fat-soluble vitamin, has been implicated in regulation of brain sphingolipid metabolism, including sulfatide metabolism [28, 29, 30]. Furthermore, a recent study reported a positive correlation between sulfatides and vitamin K, which is present almost exclusively in the form of menaquinone-4 (MK-4) in the brain [31, 32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age- and brain region-specific effects of dietary vitamin K on myelin sulfatides

Crivello

Casseus

Peterson

et al. 2010

The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry

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Dysregulation of myelin sulfatides is a risk factor for cognitive decline with age. Vitamin K is present in high concentrations in the brain and has been implicated in the regulation of sulfatide metabolism. Our objective was to investigate the age-related interrelation between dietary vitamin K and sulfatides in myelin fractions isolated from the brain regions of Fischer 344 male rats fed one of two dietary forms of vitamin K: phylloquinone or its hydrogenated form, dihydrophylloquinone for 28 days. Both dietary forms of vitamin K were converted to menaquinone-4 in the brain. The efficiency of dietary dihydrophylloquinone conversion to menaquinone-4 compared to dietary phylloquinone was lower in the striatum and cortex, and was similar to those in the hippocampus. There were significant positive correlations between sulfatides and menaquinone-4 in the hippocampus (phylloquinonesupplemented diet -12mo and 24mo; dihydrophylloquinone -supplemented diet -12mo) and cortex (phylloquinone-supplemented diet -12mo and 24 mo). No significant correlations were observed in the striatum. Furthermore, sulfatides in the hippocampus were significantly positively correlated with MK-4 in serum. This is the first attempt to establish and characterize a novel animal model that exploits the inability of dietary dihydrophylloquinone to convert to brain menaquinone-4 to study the dietary effects of vitamin K on brain sulfatide in brain regions controlling motor and cognitive functions. Our findings suggest that this animal model may be useful for investigation of the effect of the dietary vitamin K on sulfatide metabolism, myelin structure, and behavior functions.

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The 3-ketodihydrosphingosine synthetase of Bacteroides melaninogenicus: Induction by vitamin K

Cited by 42 publications

References 22 publications

Vitamin K and Sphingolipid Metabolism: Evidence to Date

Vitamin K and Sphingolipid Metabolism: Evidence to Date

Cloning and characterization of LCB1, a Saccharomyces gene required for biosynthesis of the long-chain base component of sphingolipids

Age- and brain region-specific effects of dietary vitamin K on myelin sulfatides

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