The 2015 exceptional swell in the Southern Pacific: Generation, advection, forecast and implied extremes

Cavaleri, Luigi; Benetazzo, Alvise; Bertotti, Luciana; Bidlot, Jean‐Raymond; Pomaro, Angela; Portilla‐Yandún, Jesús

doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2022.102840

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…If we exclude localized Tropical Cyclone (TC) phenomena, the largest and most frequent wind‐wave extremes across the global oceans are generated by mid‐latitude cyclones, also called Extra‐Tropical Cyclones (ETCs). Despite having smaller pressure drops than TCs, ETCs affect a larger area and can ultimately generate waves as large as those generated by TCs, that travel thousands of kilometers in the form of swells and ultimately can have major impacts on global coastlines (Cavaleri et al., 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If we exclude localized Tropical Cyclone (TC) phenomena, the largest and most frequent wind-wave extremes across the global oceans are generated by mid-latitude cyclones, also called Extra-Tropical Cyclones (ETCs). Despite having smaller pressure drops than TCs, ETCs affect a larger area and can ultimately generate waves as large as those generated by TCs, that travel thousands of kilometers in the form of swells and ultimately can have major impacts on global coastlines (Cavaleri et al, 2022). Despite a small number of studies exploring the performance of spectral wave models in representing TC-generated waves (Babanin et al, 2011;Fan & Rogers, 2016;Liu et al, 2017), detailed assessments of the performance of these models under ETCs conditions are currently lacking in the literature.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Spectral Wave Models Physics as Applied to a 100‐Year Southern Hemisphere Extra‐Tropical Cyclone Sea State

Meucci,

Young,

Pepler

et al. 2023

JGR Oceans

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Extreme significant wave height estimates, and their probability of exceedance, are fundamental offshore and coastal engineering design parameters. These estimates are characterised by uncertainty due to an incomplete understanding of the atmosphere‐ocean energy and momentum exchanges during intense storms. This particularly affects extreme wave statistics of ocean regions exposed to large and frequent synoptic disturbances such as Extra‐Tropical Cyclones (ETCs). In this work, we assessed the performance of global phase‐averaged spectral wave models in representing the 1 in 100‐year sea state generated by a Southern Ocean ETC in April 2021. We collected in‐situ and remote sensing observations, from the storm generation region to its decaying phase and the impact on South‐East Australian coastlines. We compared the observations with a suite of reanalysis and hindcast global wave model datasets. While comparing well for wind speed up to 20 m/s, the models presented differences in solving the air‐sea momentum exchange between the atmosphere and the ocean for wind speed velocities between 20 and 35 m/s, which are a distinctive characteristic of ETCs. Despite marked differences in the storm generation region, the models converged to a similar representation of the swell systems impacting the South‐East Australian coastlines, as demonstrated by a comparison with deep‐water buoy observations close to the coastlines. Furthermore, we found that the energy of the ERA5 reanalysis, which assimilates satellite wave height measurements is quickly dispersed and, as such, of little advantage in representing the 9.9 m significant wave heights that impacted the South‐East Australian coastlines on April 10th 2021.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%