The 2,2′-dicyano-1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridylium di-cation: A viologen indicator with a high redox potential

Syntheses, characterization and DNA-binding study of chiral complexes ΔΔ- and ΛΛ-[Ru(bpy)2(bdptb)Ru(bpy)2]4+

“…Dicyano-4,4 0 -bipyridine[22], D-[Ru(bpy)2 (py) 2 ] [O,O 0 -dibenzoyl-D D -tartrate] Á 12H 2 O [23] and K-[Ru(bpy) 2 (py) 2 ][O,O 0 -dibenzoyl-D D -tartrate] Á 12H 2 O [23] were prepared by literature methods. 2.2.1.…”

Investigation of polyviologens as oxygen indicators in food packaging

“…Poly(butylviologen dibromide) and poly(p-xylylviologen dibromide) were synthesised as in [18][19], 2,2'-dicyano-1,1'-dimethylviologen dimesylate was synthesised as in [17]. Titanium dioxide was obtained from Degussa (P25 Aerosil).…”

“…This is due to the anodic E° redox potential for this viologen compound, 90 mV [17], compared with poly(butylviologen dibromide), -229 mV, methylene blue, 11 mV, and thionine, 63 mV (vs. NHE) [12].…”

“…Generally, viologens have highly anodic redox potentials, but viologens with more cathodic reduction potentials are also known, e.g. 2,2'-dicyano-1,1'-dimethylviologen dimesylate (90 mV vs. NHE) [17].…”

Novel Chiral Oxazoline Ligands for Potential Charge-Transfer Effects in the Rh(I)-Catalysed Enantioselective Hydrosilylation

“…Since the N-oxidation of 4,4Ј-bipyridine 4 always yielded ca. 30% N,NЈ-dioxide 12, the novel bisoxazoline 15 could be prepared via the dinitrile 13 [29] and the biscarboximidate 14 [30] (Scheme 5).…”