The 12th annual international symposium in obesity: rediscovering brown adipose tissue

Richard, Denis; Boisvert, P

doi:10.1038/ijo.2010.175

Cited by 7 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…10 In 2009, an advisory committee to the Chair recommended, 10 years after the symposium on Recent advances in adipose tissue biology, to revisit this theme by organizing for the 12 th annual symposium series, a program dedicated to the 'Brown adipose tissue'. 11 For more details about previous symposia, please visit our website at http://obesity.ulaval.ca.…”

Section: Com/ijomentioning

confidence: 99%

The 13th Annual International Symposium in obesity: bariatric/metabolic surgery: how it influences energy balance regulation

Richard

Boisvert

2011

Int J Obes

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The recent pandemic prevalence of obesity, not only in adults but also in children, together with the rising awareness of the burden of this condition on population health and health costs, have considerably contributed to intensify our efforts to understand obesity, which is now at the forefront of biochemical, biomolecular and neurobiological research.In morbidly obese subjects, physiological disturbances are amplified and their extreme manifestations are more easily measured. The significant and predictable effects of bariatric surgery present a striking contrast to preoperative morbid conditions. Bariatric surgery in humans offers a window of opportunity to further understand obesity and associated diseases.Bariatric/metabolic surgeries are being performed increasingly in response to the epidemic of obesity. Their widespread acceptance stems in part from their remarkable success in reducing weight over a sustained period of time, and for having marked metabolic effects on glucose homeostasis, essentially curing Type 2 diabetes in as many as 80% of patients following surgery. In fact, the metabolic benefits of these surgeries often occur before significant weight loss, and their magnitude is far greater than can be explained by the loss of weight alone. This accounts for their long-term benefits and low rates of recidivism. Given these findings, it is perhaps not surprising that one of the big unanswered questions in obesity research is how does bariatric/metabolic surgery work? Establishing these mechanisms will offer new insights into the physiology of energy balance and the control of metabolism.The Merck Frosst/CIHR Research Chair held in October 2010 its 13 th Annual International Symposium, which focused on mechanisms whereby bariatric/metabolic surgery influences energy balance regulation. The meeting was divided into two sessions and involved eight speakers among the most renowned researchers in the field of bariatric surgery. Karine Clément (Paris), who had the task of speaking on morbid obesity and the pathophysiology of obesity, stressed the importance of the gene-environment interaction in the development of massive obesity. Philip Schauer (Cleveland) presented a comprehensive description of the various procedures used in bariatric surgery. Blandine Laferrère (New York) reported on the major role of incretins in diabetes remission after bariatric surgery. Paul R. Burton (Melbourne) made a comprehensive exposé on laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding. Carel Leroux (London) emphasized the stimulating effects of the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass on energy expenditure. Hans Berthoud (Baton Rouge) summarized the effects of the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass on the functions of food reward. Darleen Sandoval (Cincinnati) focused on the metabolic effects of the vertical sleeve gastrectomy. Finally, Lee Kaplan (Boston) presented his latest results obtained in his mouse model of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, demonstrating the positive effects of the surgery on brown adipose tissue thermogenesis.Altogether, the speakers ...

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Section: Com/ijomentioning

confidence: 99%

The 13th Annual International Symposium in obesity: bariatric/metabolic surgery: how it influences energy balance regulation

Richard

Boisvert

2011

Int J Obes

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“…We now have evidence that BAT is not only found in small mammals but also in adult humans (Nedergaard et al, 2007; Cannon and Nedergaard, 2010; Enerback, 2010a,b; Richard et al, 2010). A number of studies involving imaging procedures such as positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scanning have revealed symmetrical distribution of metabolically active brown fat depots around cervical, clavicular, and paraspinal regions in humans (Cypess et al, 2009; van Marken Lichtenbelt et al, 2009; Virtanen et al, 2009; Zingaretti et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In small mammals, it is located in discrete depots and has largely been investigated for its role in thermogenesis (Cannon and Nedergaard, 2004; Sell et al, 2004a; Richard et al, 2010; Richard and Picard, 2011). The heat-producing capacity of BAT is such that it allows small mammals such as rats and mice to live at temperatures as low as 4°C without shivering.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control and Physiological Determinants of Sympathetically Mediated Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis

Richard¹,

Monge-Roffarello²,

Chechi³

et al. 2012

Front. Endocrin.

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Brown adipose tissue (BAT) represents a remarkable heat-producing tissue. The thermogenic potential of BAT is conferred by uncoupling protein 1, a protein found uniquely in brown adipocytes. BAT activity and capacity is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), which densely innervates brown fat depots. SNS-mediated BAT thermogenesis is essentially governed by hypothalamic and brainstem neurons. BAT activity is also modulated by brain energy balance pathways including the very significant brain melanocortin system, suggesting a genuine involvement of SNS-mediated BAT thermogenesis in energy homeostasis. The use of positron emission tomography/computed tomography scanning has revealed the presence of well-defined BAT depots in the cervical, clavicular, and paraspinal areas in adult humans. The prevalence of these depots is higher in subjects exposed to low temperature and is also higher in women compared to men. Moreover, the prevalence of BAT decreases with age and body fat mass, suggesting that BAT could be involved in energy balance regulation and obesity in humans. This short review summarizes recent progress made in our understanding of the control of SNS-mediated BAT thermogenesis and of the determinants of BAT prevalence or detection in humans.

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“…19 In 2009, an advisory committee to the Chair recommended, ten years after the symposium on 'Recent advances in adipose tissue biology', to revisit this theme by organizing for the 12th annual symposium series, a program dedicated to the 'Brown adipose tissue'. 20 In October 2010, the 13th symposium focused on how 'Bariatric/ metabolic surgery influences the energy balance regulation'. 21 In November 2011, the 14th symposium focused on 'High-fat feeding'.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 17th international symposium in obesity; targeting the gut to treat obesity and its metabolic comorbidities

Richard

2016

Int J Obes Supp

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The 12th annual international symposium in obesity: rediscovering brown adipose tissue

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

The 13th Annual International Symposium in obesity: bariatric/metabolic surgery: how it influences energy balance regulation

The 13th Annual International Symposium in obesity: bariatric/metabolic surgery: how it influences energy balance regulation

Control and Physiological Determinants of Sympathetically Mediated Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis

The 17th international symposium in obesity; targeting the gut to treat obesity and its metabolic comorbidities

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