Control and Physiological Determinants of Sympathetically Mediated Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis

Richard, Denis; Monge-Roffarello, Boris; Chechi, Kanta; Labbé, Sébastien M.; Turcotte, Éric

doi:10.3389/fendo.2012.00036

Cited by 43 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 99 publications

(207 reference statements)

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“…The present study, however, did not show changes in the sympathetic splanchnic nerve activity of SL rats, which may suggest that this nerve has little implication on sympathetic changes observed during obesity. Additionally, studies have shown that only the SNS innervates IBAT and suggest a genuine involvement of SNS-mediated BAT thermogenesis in response to changes in body temperature or nutrient availability [6,40]. Previous studies, under thermoneutral conditions, did not show differences in IBAT sympathetic nerve activity over time in lean or obese rats [41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, brown adipose tissue (BAT) provides an important alternative for energy expenditure because it is rich in mitochondria, which dissipate heat and thus consume large amounts of calories [5]. Heat production in BAT is modulated by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), which triggers the breakdown of triglycerides from lipid droplets to fatty acids, which are used as an energetic substrate for thermogenesis via the mitochondrial uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) [6,7]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early Overfeed-Induced Obesity Leads to Brown Adipose Tissue Hypoactivity in Rats

Almeida

Fabricio

Trombini

et al. 2013

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Background/Aims: Brown adipose tissue activation has been considered a potential anti-obesity mechanism because it is able to expend energy through thermogenesis. In contrast, white adipose tissue stores energy, contributing to obesity. We investigated whether the early programming of obesity by overfeeding during lactation changes structure of interscapular brown adipose tissue in adulthood and its effects on thermogenesis. Methods: Birth of litters was considered day 0. On day 2, litter size was adjusted to normal (9 pups) and small (3 pups) litters. On day 21, the litters were weaned. A temperature transponder was implanted underneath interscapular brown adipose tissue pads of 81-day-old animals; local temperature was measured during light and dark periods between days 87 and 90. The animals were euthanized, and tissue and blood samples were collected for further analysis. The vagus and retroperitoneal sympathetic nerve activity was recorded. Results: Small litter rats presented significant lower interscapular brown adipose tissue temperature during the light (NL 37.6°C vs. SL 37.2°C) and dark (NL 38°C vs. SL 37.6°C) periods compared to controls. Morphology of small litter brown adipose tissue showed fewer lipid droplets in the tissue center and more and larger in the periphery. The activity of vagus nerve was 19,9% greater in the small litter than in control (p<0.01), and no difference was observed in the sympathetic nerve activity. In adulthood, the small litter rats were 11,7% heavier than the controls and presented higher glycemia 13,1%, insulinemia 70% and corticosteronemia 92,6%. Conclusion: Early overfeeding programming of obesity changes the interscapular brown adipose tissue structure in adulthood, leading to local thermogenesis hypoactivity, which may contribute to obesity in adults.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Overfeed-Induced Obesity Leads to Brown Adipose Tissue Hypoactivity in Rats

Almeida

Fabricio

Trombini

et al. 2013

Cell Physiol Biochem

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“…Thermogenesis and browning of WAT are predominately controlled through SNS (Himms-Hagen et al 1994, Murano et al 2009, Richard et al 2012, Bi & Li 2013 (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Regulation Of Non-shivering Thermogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Adipose tissue in control of metabolism

Luo

Liu

2016

Journal of Endocrinology

487

331

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Adipose tissue plays a central role in regulating whole-body energy and glucose homeostasis through its subtle functions at both organ and systemic levels. On one hand, adipose tissue stores energy in the form of lipid and controls the lipid mobilization and distribution in the body. On the other hand, adipose tissue acts as an endocrine organ and produces numerous bioactive factors such as adipokines that communicate with other organs and modulate a range of metabolic pathways. Moreover, brown and beige adipose tissue burn lipid by dissipating energy in the form of heat to maintain euthermia, and have been considered as a new way to counteract obesity. Therefore, adipose tissue dysfunction plays a prominent role in the development of obesity and its related disorders such as insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, depression and cancer. In this review, we will summarize the recent findings of adipose tissue in the control of metabolism, focusing on its endocrine and thermogenic function.

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“…32 This phenomenon, known as 'browning', has been described in WAT, especially in the subcutaneous depot and after cold exposure or CNS manipulations that increased sympathetic outflow to these white fat depots. 33,34 Similarly, when mice are given chronic daily injections of CL 316,243, an ADBR3 agonist, subcutaneous WAT also undergoes 'browning' and body temperature rises. 35 In addition to SNS input, cBAT sends sensory nerve afferents to the CNS, which also are involved in the regulation of thermogenesis.…”

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confidence: 99%

Of mice and men: novel insights regarding constitutive and recruitable brown adipocytes

2015

Int J Obes Supp

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Recently, there has been great attention given to the possibility of combating obesity by targeting brown fat activity or increasing differentiation of brown adipocytes in white fat depots through a process termed 'browning'. Sympathetic innervation of brown and white adipose tissues provides adrenergic input that drives thermogenesis and regulates fatty acid metabolism, as well as stimulating adipogenesis of recruitable brown adipocyte tissue (rBAT, also known as beige or brite) in white fat. Other factors acting in an endocrine or autocrine/paracrine manner in adipose tissue may also stimulate browning. There have been significant recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of increasing adipose tissue energy expenditure, as well as how brown adipocytes appear in white fat depots, including via de novo adipogenesis from tissue precursor cells. In this article, we integrate this new knowledge with a historical perspective on the discovery of 'browning'. We also provide an overview of constitutive BAT vs rBAT in mouse and human.

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Control and Physiological Determinants of Sympathetically Mediated Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis

Cited by 43 publications

References 99 publications

Early Overfeed-Induced Obesity Leads to Brown Adipose Tissue Hypoactivity in Rats

Early Overfeed-Induced Obesity Leads to Brown Adipose Tissue Hypoactivity in Rats

Adipose tissue in control of metabolism

Of mice and men: novel insights regarding constitutive and recruitable brown adipocytes

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