?-thalassaemia carrier detection by ELISA: A simple screening strategy for developing countries

Abstract

The frequency of beta-thalassaemia in India ranges from 3.5% to 15% in the general population and of the 100,000 children born with thalassaemia major in the world, 10,000 are in India alone. Affected children do not die immediately, but treatment by regular transfusion is costly and leads to iron overload and death. Therefore, health services in lower-economic countries can sustain patients only if the numbers can be limited. Detecting carrier couples by simple blood test can prevent thalassaemia and at-risk couples can be identified and informed of their genetic risk before having children. A prevention programme including population screening, counselling, and prenatal diagnosis will markedly reduce the birth prevalence of affected individuals. Hemoglobin A2 (HbA2) measurement in human hemolysates has great significance, since its level can indicate beta-thalassaemia carrier status in otherwise healthy individuals. We have developed a rapid, simple, and inexpensive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the quantitation of HbA2, which can be used in carrier screening programmes in developing countries like India. In a limited trial for beta-thalassaemia carrier screening, the results obtained with ELISAs were compared with those obtained with the microcolumn chromatography method (r = 0.89).

The role of haemoglobin A2testing in the diagnosis of thalassaemias and related haemoglobinopathies

“…Capillary electrophoresis9 is becoming a valid alternative, while proposed immunochemical methods10 11 are not yet sufficiently validated.…”

Effect of HbS in the determination of HbA2 with the Biorad Variant II analyzer

“…There are many methods available for the determination of HbA 2 levels in routine use in the clinical laboratory [3][4][5][6][7], including HPLC. An advantage of the HPLC methods is that they can be fully automated, especially when performed on dedicated instruments, as usually is the case.…”

Effect of HbS in the determination of HbA2 with the Menarini HA‐8160 analyzer and comparison with other instruments

“…, 2002), anion exchange chromatography in microcolumns (Center for Disease Control‐US Department of Health and Human Services‐Public Health Service 1984), HPLC methods (Head et al. , 2004), ELISA (Ravindran et al. , 2005) and capillary electrophoresis (Gerritsma et al.…”