Thai population data on 15 tetrameric STR loci—D8S1179, D21S11, D7S820, CSF1PO, D3S1358, TH01, D13S317, D16S539, D2S1338, D19S433, vWA, TPOX, D18S51, D5S818 and FGA

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

The origin and diversification of Sino-Tibetan speaking populations have been long-standing hot debates. However, the limited genetic information of Tibetan populations keeps this topic far from clear. In the present study, we genotyped 15 forensic autosomal short tandem repeats (STRs) from 803 unrelated Tibetan individuals from Gansu Province (635 from Gannan and 168 from Tianzhu) in northwest China. We combined these data with published dataset to infer a detailed population affinities and genetic substructure of Sino-Tibetan populations. Our results revealed Tibetan populations in Gannan and Tianzhu are genetically very similar with Tibetans from other regions. The Tibetans in Tianzhu have received more genetic influence from surrounding lowland populations. The genetic structure of Sino-Tibetan populations was strongly correlated with linguistic affiliations. Although the among-population variances are relatively small, the genetic components for Tibetan, Lolo-Burmese, and Han Chinese were quite distinctive, especially for the Deng, Nu, and Derung of Lolo-Burmese. Han Chinese but not Tibetans are suggested to share substantial genetic component with southern natives, such as Tai-Kadai and Hmong-Mien speaking populations, and with other lowland East Asian populations, which implies there might be extensive gene flow between those lowland groups and Han Chinese after Han Chinese were separated from Tibetans. The dataset generated in present study is also valuable for forensic identification and paternity tests in China.

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic structure of Tibetan populations in Gansu revealed by forensic STR loci

Yao

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

“…A total of 2 ng of target DNA was performed with the AmpF/STR Identifiler PCR Amplification kit (Thermo Fisher) following the manufacturer's instructions. The data were analyzed by the ABI Prism 310 Genetic Analyzer (Thermo Fisher) .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation of Osteosarcomas from a Combination of Rb Silencing and c-Myc Overexpression in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Stem Cells Translational Medicine

Chen

et al. 2016

Osteosarcoma (OS) was a malignant tumor occurring with unknown etiology that made prevention and early diagnosis difficult. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which were found in bone marrow, were claimed to be a possible origin of OS but with little direct evidence. We aimed to characterize OS cells transformed from human MSCs (hMSCs) and identify their association with human primary OS cells and patient survival. Genetic modification with p53 or retinoblastoma (Rb) knockdown and c‐Myc or Ras overexpression was applied for hMSC transformation. Transformed cells were assayed for proliferation, differentiation, tumorigenecity, and gene expression profile. Only the combination of Rb knockdown and c‐Myc overexpression successfully transformed hMSCs derived from four individual donors, with increasing cell proliferation, decreasing cell senescence rate, and increasing ability to form colonies and spheres in serum‐free medium. These transformed cells lost the expression of certain surface markers, increased in osteogenic potential, and decreased in adipogenic potential. After injection in immunodeficient mice, these cells formed OS‐like tumors, as evidenced by radiographic analyses and immunohistochemistry of various OS markers. Microarray with cluster analysis revealed that these transformed cells have gene profiles more similar to patient‐derived primary OS cells than their normal MSC counterparts. Most importantly, comparison of OS patient tumor samples revealed that a combination of Rb loss and c‐Myc overexpression correlated with a decrease in patient survival. This study successfully transformed human MSCs to OS‐like cells by Rb knockdown and c‐Myc overexpression that may be a useful platform for further investigation of preventive and target therapy for human OS. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:512–526

“…Tests for Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) were performed in Arlequin v3.5.1.312 using a likelihood ratio test and an exact test to prevent miscalling STR genotypes or biased sampling. Since the statistical analyses in this study were on the basis of Bayesian-clustering algorithm, raw genotypic data of 13 STRs (excluding D6S1043 and D12S391) from 45 populations (13793 individuals) all around the world were extracted to determine population affinity131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839. Average number of pairwise differences, pairwise Fst, Slatkins linearized Fst, and coancestry coefficients were all calculated in Arlequin v3.5.1.3 using genotype data12.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic evidence for an East Asian origin of Chinese Muslim populations Dongxiang and Hui

Yao

Tao

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

There is a long-going debate on the genetic origin of Chinese Muslim populations, such as Uygur, Dongxiang, and Hui. However, genetic information for those Muslim populations except Uygur is extremely limited. In this study, we investigated the genetic structure and ancestry of Chinese Muslims by analyzing 15 autosomal short tandem repeats in 652 individuals from Dongxiang, Hui, and Han Chinese populations in Gansu province. Both genetic distance and Bayesian-clustering methods showed significant genetic homogeneity between the two Muslim populations and East Asian populations, suggesting a common genetic ancestry. Our analysis found no evidence of substantial gene flow from Middle East or Europe into Dongxiang and Hui people during their Islamization. The dataset generated in present study are also valuable for forensic identification and paternity tests in China.