Th1-Zellen, Th2-Zellen und atopische Dermatitis

Abstract

The immunological hallmark of atopic dermatitis (AD) is a Th1/Th2 dysbalance. The reaction to high molecular weight environmental allergens (e.g. pollen, house dust mites), production of IgE and activation of eosinophil granulocytes result from Th2 dominance. The Th2-cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4) is necessary for IgE synthesis. Additionally, IL-4 inhibits the generation of Th1-cells. The marker cytokine of Th1-cells, interferon gamma (IFN gamma), exhibits reciprocal effects. It inhibits IgE synthesis and Th2 expansion, but supports Th1-cell growth. Beside the well known mechanisms of IgE-mediated immediate type reactions, the relevance of IgE for the pathogenesis of AD seems to be likely since the discovery of IgE-receptors upon Langerhans cell surfaces. Langerhans cell-bound IgE may be possibly necessary for the presentation of high molecular weight aero-allergens. Analyses of Th subsets at different intervals after allergen challenge showed, that Th2-cells play an important role in the initial phase of inflammatory reactions whereas in later stages Th1-cells can be detected in greater numbers.

Comorbidity profiles among patients with alopecia areata: The importance of onset age, a nationwide population-based study

“…Th2 has been proved to outweigh Th1 in asthma, AR, and early AD, whereas the important role of Th1 is only seen in later stages of AD. 25,[27][28][29] There is evidence that both Th1 and Th2 cytokine participate in animal models of AA. 9,30 Thus, the similar biphasic pattern of Th response in AA and AD may also account for the increased risk of AD in patients with AA.…”

Mixture of Polyphenols and Anthocyanins fromVaccinium uliginosum L.Alleviates DNCB-Induced Atopic Dermatitis in NC/Nga Mice

“…Previous studies have shown that the mixture groups can suppress activation of IL-12, IFN- γ , and MCP-1 mRNA in AD-like skin lesions. In atopic dermatitis Th2-cells play an important role in the initial phase of inflammatory reactions whereas in later stages Th1-cells can be detected in greater numbers [47]. Repeated treatment with DNCB released both Th1 and Th2 cytokines by activating helper T cells.…”

Suggestions regarding a more appropriate understanding of atopic dermatitis

“…The biphasic pattern of T cell behavior has been accepted specifically for atopic inflammation, strongly purporting that the atopic syndrome is Th2 cell driven [23][24][25]. Results of T cell studies consistently confirm the central role for IL-4 and IL-10 in the regulation of both IgE and non-IgE-mediated responses.…”