TGF-β3: A potential biological therapy for enhancing chondrogenesis

Tissue engineered bone using select growth factors: A comprehensive review of animal studies and clinical translation studies in man

“…TGF-β3 is a potent chondrogenic growth factor enhancing hyaline cartilage formation in vivo (Ripamonti et al, 2009a;Tang et al, 2009). Ripamonti et al (2009b; and Teare et al (2008) investigated the direct delivery of TGF-β3 (5 to 125 µg) within adult Chacma baboons and demonstrated a 1.75-to 3-fold increase in bone formation (Supplementary Table 7).…”

Chondrodysplasias and TGFβ signaling

“…Next, this new cartilage was integrated in a living tissue. 62 This demonstrated the potential for this treatment to regenerate the articular cartilage defects. 62 …”

Bioactive Factors in Platelet-Rich Plasma Obtained by Apheresis

“…Previous studies with single GF found in PRP preparation, such as BMP-2, BMP-4, BMP-7, CTGF, FGF-2, growth differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5), IGF-I, TGF-β2 and TGF-β3, are involved in chondrogenic development of chondrocytes and/or mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells. In order to assess their effects on cartilage repair in vitro or in vivo, all of these GF have been used as single inducers rather than in combination [15,23,24,25,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49]. Only few GF have been tested in combination, suggesting additive effects; an enhanced chondrogenic development was observed when mesenchymal stem cells were induced with IGF-I and either TGF-β or BMP-2 or BMP-7, leading to a significant increase of cartilage matrix synthesis [50].…”

“…Our results show that BMP-2, which stimulates the synthesis of ECM by chondrocytes [38], and CTGF, known as an important regulator of chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation [44], are not always present in all PRP preparations. However, TGF-β3, which induces collagen type II and proteoglycan synthesis by mesenchymal progenitor cells and chondrocytes [15,37], and FGF-2, which was found to enhance proteoglycan synthesis and cell proliferation by MSC [48], are detected in all individual PRP preparations. Additionally, other GF identified in array analyses, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), FGF-17 and FGF-18, are suspected to have an influence on chondrogenic development in cartilage repair and/or homeostasis [52,53,54].…”