“…8 To enhance the combustion characteristics of AP, various approaches are employed, including AP refinement treatment 9,10 and the incorporation of catalysts to improve the thermal decomposition properties of AP. 11−13 Currently, catalysts for AP combustion predominantly fall into categories such as nanometals, 14 metal oxides, 15,16 composites, 17−19 ferrocene (Fc)-based compounds 20−22 and organometallic complexes. 23,24 Among these, nanometals and their corresponding oxides are widely used; however, traditional forms tend to agglomerate, thereby limiting their overall catalytic efficiency.…”