TFOS: Unique challenges and unmet needs for the management of ocular surface diseases throughout the world

Erickson, Susan; Sullivan, Amy Gallant; Abad, Juan Carlos; Alves, Mônica; Barabino, Stefano; Craig, Jennifer P.; Eid, Maroun; Farrant, Sarah; Gomes, José Álvaro Pereira; Heydenrych, Leonard G.; Iyer, Geetha; Jarade, Elias; Kinoshita, Shigeru; Kobia‐Acquah, Emmanuel; Lazreg, Sihem; Margolis, Todd P.; Mechleb, Nicole; Navas, Alejandro; Nsubuga, Naomi; Said, Reeda Bou; Shaheen, Mohamed Shafik; Sotozono, Chie; Stapleton, Fiona; Vehof, Jelle; Versura, Piera; Sullivan, David A.

doi:10.1016/j.jtos.2021.08.014

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…In ophthalmology practice, the fluorescein dye break-up time (F-BUT) has been the most frequently used test for the assessment of tear film stability for nearly 50 years. However, use of fluorescein dye in F-BUT testing may lead to reflex break-up of the tear together with reduced tear stability 11 , 12 , 13 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Instability of Tear Film after Novel Coronavirus Disease: A Noninvasive and No Contact Method by a Scheimpflug-Placido Disc Topographer

Acet

Çil

Kabak

et al. 2021

Klin Monbl Augenheilkd

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Purpose To compare the topographical tear film break-up time (T-BUT) between individuals recovering from COVID-19 and control subjects using a noninvasive and noncontact technique with a Scheimpflug-Placido disc topographer. Methods One-hundred and twenty-two eyes from 61 post-COVID-19 patients and 124 eyes from 62 control subjects were included in this prospective study. All participants underwent detailed ophthalmological examination including best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure measurements, slit lamp examination, and fundoscopy as well as qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the noninvasive first tear film break-up time (NIF-BUT) and noninvasive average tear film break-up time (NIAvg-BUT) with T-BUT measured with a Sirius (CSO – Costruzione Strumenti Oftalmici S. r. l., Italy) corneal topography device. Results The mean NIF-BUT in post-COVID-19 and control patients was 5.2 ± 3.4 vs. 6.5 ± 3.2 sec, respectively. The mean NIAvg-BUT in the corresponding groups was 7.5 ± 3.5 vs. 8.8 ± 3.0 sec, respectively. Both NIF-BUT and NIAvg-BUT were significantly lower in the post-COVID-19 group than in controls (p = 0.004 vs. 0.020). Topographical tear film break-up at any time during the test (17 sec) was observed qualitatively in 79 eyes (64.8%) in the post-COVID-19 group and 57 eyes (46%) in the control group (p = 0.003). Moreover, temporal quadrant involvement occurred significantly more frequently in the post-COVID-19 group (p = 0.028). Conclusion Tear film stability assessment based on T-BUT showed shorter NIF-BUT and NIAvg-BUT in post-COVID-19 patients as compared to the control group. Our results suggest that post-COVID-19 patients have impaired stability of tear film, and therefore require closer monitoring regarding dry eye. In addition, tear film instability in post-COVID-19 patients can be reliably detected using a noninvasive and noncontact technique that is more comfortable for both patients and physicians.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tear film stability is very important for the visual system, since it is the first layer of light in the eye that refracts 11 . The loss of the integrity of the tear film represents a principal pathogenetic mechanism in dry eye, hence its role as a diagnostic criterion for this disorder 11 , 12 , 13 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Instability of Tear Film after Novel Coronavirus Disease: A Noninvasive and No Contact Method by a Scheimpflug-Placido Disc Topographer

Acet

Çil

Kabak

et al. 2021

Klin Monbl Augenheilkd

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“…For example, there are about 500 ophthalmologists in Lebanon, with only 35 ocular surface and corneal specialists. 71 Another major gap in MENA is the lack of validated questionnaires adapted to the local languages for more standardized data collection and proper scoring and analyses. We recommend a minimal diagnostic assessment tool to improve the diagnosis and management of DED in MENA ( Table 3 ).…”

Section: Diagnostic Procedures In Dedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in some regions where the prevalence used to be high (notably, remote rural regions of Tunisia 70 ), a significant number of patients suffer from the sequelae of trachomatous infections, which can cause severe meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and aqueous deficiency. 71 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry Eye Disease in the Middle East and Northern Africa: A Position Paper on the Current State and Unmet Needs

Lazreg,

Hosny,

Ahad

et al. 2024

OPTH

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In the Middle East and Northern Africa (MENA), dry eye disease (DED) is often misdiagnosed or overlooked. This review summarizes a series of conversations with ophthalmologists in the region around a variety of climatic, lifestyle, and iatrogenic factors that contribute to specific features of DED in the MENA region. These considerations are further classified by patient lifestyle and surgical choices. All statements are based on discussions and formal voting to achieve consensus over three meetings. Overall, a deeper understanding of the disease characteristics of DED specific to MENA can better guide local eyecare practitioners on appropriate management and follow-up care. Additionally, population-based studies and patient and physician education on ocular surface diseases, together with the use of culturally appropriate and language-specific questionnaires can help ease the public health burden of DED in this region.

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“…Ocular surface diseases (OSDs) such as dry eye disease (DED), keratitis, and conjunctivitis, damaging the normal structure and function of the tear film, cornea, and conjunctiva, are very common eye disorders, and major causes of visual impairment [ 1 ]. With the increasing aging population and a growing incidence of diabetes worldwide, the treatment demand of retinal diseases including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR) are on the rise [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes and autophagy in ocular surface and retinal diseases: new insights into pathophysiology and treatment

Liu

Yin

et al. 2022

Stem Cell Res Ther

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Background Ocular surface and retinal diseases are widespread problems that cannot be ignored in today’s society. However, existing prevention and treatment still have many shortcomings and limitations, and fail to effectively hinder the occurrence and development of them. Main body The purpose of this review is to give a detailed description of the potential mechanism of exosomes and autophagy. The eukaryotic endomembrane system refers to a range of membrane-bound organelles in the cytoplasm that are interconnected structurally and functionally, which regionalize and functionalize the cytoplasm to meet the needs of cells under different conditions. Exosomal biogenesis and autophagy are two important components of this system and are connected by lysosomal pathways. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that contain multiple signaling molecules produced by multivesicular bodies derived from endosomes. Autophagy includes lysosome-dependent degradation and recycling pathways of cells or organelles. Recent studies have revealed that there is a common molecular mechanism between exosomes and autophagy, which have been, respectively, confirmed to involve in ocular surface and retinal diseases. Conclusion The relationship between exosomes and autophagy and is mostly focused on fundus diseases, while a deeper understanding of them will provide new directions for the pathological mechanism, diagnosis, and treatment of ocular surface and retinal diseases.

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TFOS: Unique challenges and unmet needs for the management of ocular surface diseases throughout the world

Cited by 5 publications

References 5 publications

Instability of Tear Film after Novel Coronavirus Disease: A Noninvasive and No Contact Method by a Scheimpflug-Placido Disc Topographer

Instability of Tear Film after Novel Coronavirus Disease: A Noninvasive and No Contact Method by a Scheimpflug-Placido Disc Topographer

Dry Eye Disease in the Middle East and Northern Africa: A Position Paper on the Current State and Unmet Needs

Exosomes and autophagy in ocular surface and retinal diseases: new insights into pathophysiology and treatment

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