Texture transformations in Ag thin films

Baker, Shefford P.; Hoffman, Brandon; Timian, Lindsay; Silvernail, Adam; Ellis, Elizabeth A.

doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2013.07.061

Cited by 17 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Furthermore, the transitions seem to occur in films of similar thickness regardless of the interface conditions [10,17]. Thus, it is evident that additional driving forces must be in play.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…In films that are sufficiently thick, (100)-oriented grains grow at the expense of (111) grains, transforming the film to a (100) fiber texture by what has been described as an abnormal grain growth process [2,3]. Since the orientation distribution determines properties, there has been much interest in this texture transformation [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, recent studies have questioned the role of both stresses and interface energies in this texture transformation. Where stresses are known with certainty, they have been shown to be insufficient to produce the texture transition [10,11,[15][16][17]. Indeed, even films removed from their substrates and thus nominally stress-free have been observed to transform [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elimination of microstructural defects (e.g. point defects, dislocations, and planar defects) has also been proposed as a driving force for the texture transformation [15,17]. However, very little work has been done to identify, separate, and quantify the different driving forces associated with the texture transformation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, very little work has been done to identify, separate, and quantify the different driving forces associated with the texture transformation. In only a handful of studies [15][16][17] have the stresses actually been measured, and even more rarely has the reduction in defect energy been considered [15,17]. One complication is that films of different thicknesses have not only different stresses [16], but different microstructures [10,11,15], and thus possibly different combinations of driving forces that conspire to direct the texture transformation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Driving forces for texture transformation in thin Ag films

et al. 2016

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The well-known thickness-dependent (111)-to-(100) texture transformation in thin FCC films is usually attributed to a competition between interface and strain energies. In this model, thin films retain their (111) texture due to the lower energy of the (111) interface, while thick films transform to (100) due to the lower stiffness and thus strain energy of a (100) film. However, recent work has called this model into question, suggesting that neither the stress nor the interface energy play a dominant role in texture transformation. We investigated the driving forces involved in this transformation by using a bulge test apparatus to induce different stresses in thin Ag films under identical annealing conditions. In situ synchrotron XRD measurements show the change in texture during annealing, and reveal that applied stresses have no effect on the transformation. Stress analysis shows that differences in driving forces for texture transformation due to applied bulge pressure were significant (≈200 kJ/m 3 ), suggesting that a different, much larger driving force must be responsible. Reduction in defect energy has been proposed as an alternative. However, vacancy and dislocation densities must be exceptionally high to significantly exceed the strain energy and do not provide obvious orientation selection © 2016. This manuscript version is made available under the Elsevier user license http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ mechanisms. Nanotwins in reported densities are shown to provide greater driving force (≈ 1000 kJ/m 3 ) and may account for orientation selection. The large difference between the calculated strain and defect energies and the driving force for grain growth (21,100 kJ/m 3 ) casts doubt on the applicability of a simple thermodynamic model of texture transformation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Driving forces for texture transformation in thin Ag films

et al. 2016

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Equiatomic CoCrFeNi Thin Films on C‐Sapphire: The Role of Twins and Orientation Relationships

Kini,

Lee,

Savan

et al. 2024

Adv Eng Mater

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Face‐centered cubic (fcc) metals deposited onto crystalline substrates grow heteroepitaxially with specific orientation relationships (ORs). The ORs depend on a number of factors including lattice mismatch, bonding and the relative symmetry between the surface and the film. Less explored factors include defects like growth and annealing twins. In this study, a high density of nanotwins in as‐deposited films delay grain growth of OR1 (, ) grains up to 0.56 Tm. A new OR with respect to the c‐sapphire substrate is found, compared to the well‐known OR1 and OR2 which grow with the . This is named OR3, grows above 0.56 Tm with . The OR3 growth is related to strain and defect energy advantage. An unusual OR accompanies OR3 in most films, occupying an area fraction of >0.3. A minute (<0.05) but consistent fractions of , , , and all parallel to and related to annealing twins in exact and near and grains are observed. The study opens new directions in the crystallography of ORs, considering the role of twins in addition to the surface and strain energies.

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