Textural properties of activated carbons from apricot stones

Adsorption of cationic dye (MB) and anionic dye (AG 25) by physically and chemically activated carbons developed from rice husk

“…Activated carbons (ACs) are well known for their expanded surface areas and large total pore volumes [1]. This is why they show large adsorption capacities from both gaseous and liquid phases [2].…”

Modern approaches to the production of carbon materials from vegetable biomass

“…When mixed with the raw material in the form of a solution and subsequently dried and heated ZnCl 2 and H 3 PO 4 catalyze the depolymerisation of natural polymers (lignin and hemicellulose), promote cleavage of the cellulose fibers, and with further increase of temperature lead to dehydration of the depolymerized material with condensation and aromatization of the carbon phase and the formation of a porous structure. On account of the fact that orthophosphoric acid condenses under such conditions with the formation of molecules of larger size (of the H 4 P 2 O 7 -H 13 P 11 O 34 type) the carbon materials obtained by activation with H 3 PO 4 have pores with a wide distribution of sizes and often with a preponderance of a mesoporous texture [60,61]. Typical stages in chemical activation with the use of ZnCl 2 and H 3 PO 4 include grinding of the raw material, mixing with a concentrated solution of the activating agent, drying, and activation at 400-900°C.…”

“…As a result carbon materials with a specific surface area of up to~2000 m 2 /g BET and with pore volume that can reach 1.5 cm 3 /g and above are obtained [60,[63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73]. A distinguishing feature of H 3 PO 4 is the fact that its use for activation makes it possible to obtain carbon materials not only with microporous but also with mesoporous texture.…”

“…Zinc chloride and orthophosphoric acid are widely used as catalysts of acidic nature for the production of carbon materials with developed porous structure [60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73]. Their activating action is due to their acid characteristics.…”

Characteristics of Activated Carbons Prepared from Apricot Kernel Shells by Mechanical, Chemical and Thermal Activations

“…The application of activated carbon in the adsorption process is mainly depends on the surface chemistry and pore structure of porous carbons (Anas Nahil M. and Williams P.T., 2012;Amit Bhatnagar et al 2013). Different adsorption results are related with textural properties of activated carbons from apricot shells prepared by H 3 PO 4 , ZnCl 2 and steam activation (A.M. Youssef et al 2005). As well as adsorption capacity of CO 2 and H 3 PO 4 activated carbons are correlated by using methylene blues (Suresh Kumar Reddy et al 2012).…”