A systematic analysis of the influence of preparation conditions in the alkali hydrothermal synthesis on the morphology of TiO 2 nanotubes is performed using HRTEM and low temperature nitrogen adsorption. The possible mechanisms of nanotube formation are reviewed and a mechanism based on the key stage of wrapping of intermediate multilayered titanate nanosheets is suggested. The driving force for wrapping is considered to be the mechanical stress arising during crystallisation/dissolution. The average diameter of the nanotubes was found to depend on the temperature and on the ratio of weight of TiO 2 to the volume of sodium hydroxide solution. An increase in the temperature from 120 to 150 uC results in an increase in the average nanotube diameter. Subsequent increases in the temperature result in the formation of non-hollow TiO 2 nanofibers with an average diameter of 75 nm, a wide distribution in diameter and a length in excess of 10 mm. The increase of the TiO 2 : NaOH molar ratio results in an increase in the average diameter of nanotubes and a decrease of surface area. The average inner diameter of TiO 2 nanotubes varied between 2 and 10 nm. The pore-size distribution was evaluated from TEM, and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption data using the BJH method. It was shown that nitrogen adsorption is a suitable method for characterisation of the pore morphology of nanotubes. Experimental detailsReagents Titanium dioxide, anatase (TiO 2 ), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ), and hydrogen peroxide 27.5% (H 2 O 2

This glossary of terms covers phenomena considered under the very wide terms photocatalysis and radiation catalysis. A clear distinction is made between phenomena related to either photochemistry and photocatalysis or radiation chemistry and radiation catalysis. The term "radiation" is used here as embracing electromagnetic radiation of all wavelengths, but in general excluding fast-moving particles. Consistent definitions are given of terms in the areas mentioned above, as well as definitions of the most important parameters used for the quantitative description of the phenomena. Terms related to the up-scaling of photocatalytic processes for industrial applications have been included. This Glossary should be used together with the Glossary of terms used in photochemistry, 3 rd edition,

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