Textural and pseudocapacitive characteristics of sol–gel derived RuO2·xH2O: Hydrothermal annealing vs. annealing in air

Recent Progress in Ruthenium Oxide‐Based Composites for Supercapacitor Applications

“…Rutile‐RuO 2 (anhydrous) is reported to exhibit highest electronic conductivity while exceedingly low proton mobility. Hence, to increase the proton conductivity, structural water content have to be adjusted which in turn would lessen the electronic conductivity . A compromise between these two properties can thus be reached by adjusting the annealing temperature of the material.…”

Electrochemical capacitive behavior of RuO2/graphene composites prepared under various precipitation conditions

“…On the other hand, considering that pseudo-capacitance-generating protonation occurs in the hydrous RuO 2 bulk phase [34] and that the remaining functionalities in reduced graphene oxide can offer good wettability between electrode and electrolyte, there was a synergistic effect between the two components. In addition, the suitable crystalline size and water content of RuO 2 in RGs ensure optimal balance between proton conduction and electron conduction [35]. The comprehensive electrochemical performance of RGs can be further improved by altering annealing conditions, component ratios, and assembly routes.…”

Effect of iron particle addition on the pseudocapacitive performance of sol–gel derived manganese oxides film

“…Zolfaghari [13] used sonochemistry to make a super-capacitor with a specific capacitance of 344 F g À1 . Xu [14] used hydrothermal synthesis to produce a super-capacitor with a specific capacitance of 155 F g À1 , and Chang [15] used hydrous ruthenium dioxide (RuO 2 .H 2 O) produced by solegel process to make a supercapacitor with a specific capacitance of 390 F g À1 . In this study, we present a simple and inexpensive process for directly forming pseudocapacitive manganese oxide electrodes with iron addition with a solegel method.…”