Tetronic Acid Biosynthesis in Molds

The sorbicillinoid family of natural products: Isolation, biosynthesis, and synthetic studies

“…While direct evidence for this transformation was lacking, a similar oxidation had been proposed for the biosynthesis of penicillic acid from orsellinic acid. [63][64][65] A reductive opening of epoxide 70 would form alcohol 71, which was postulated to be an early intermediate on the way to vertinolide. Alternatively, sorbicillinol (4) could be formed from epoxide 70 through a simple elimination process.…”

Biosynthesis of Nitro Compounds. II. Studies on Potential Precursors for the Nitro Group of β-Nitropropionic Acid*

“…It is probably not dehydrated to oxalacetate as it is in the bacterial system described by Rosenberger and Shilo (1961). Bentley and Keil (1962) have reported that tartaric acid was also required for the synthesis of penicillic acid by Penicillium cyclopium, but labeled tartaric acid was not incorporated into the product.…”

Recent advances in the multicomponent synthesis of heterocycles using tetronic acid

“…The most notable instances of these compounds are penicillin and ascorbic acid (vitamin C). 11,12 There is noteworthy attention on tetronic acid derivatives as a result of their diverse biological and metabolic activities. These include functioning as anti-inammatory, 13 anticancer, 14 anti-HIV-1 protease, 15 antiepileptic, 16 antibiotic, 17,18 antifungal, 19 anticoagulant, 20 antibacterial, 21 analgesic, 22 and insecticidal agents.…”