TETRASPANINs in Plants

Reimann, Ronny; Kost, Benedikt; Dettmer, Jan

doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.00545

Cited by 29 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 90 publications

(151 reference statements)

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“…he tetraspanin protein family members are ubiquitously expressed in higher organisms and involved in a wide range of physiological processes, such as cell motility and adhesion, tumor invasion, fertilization, and virus infection [1][2][3][4] . Despite their broad involvement in physiological processes, the knock-out of the tetraspanin gene results in only moderate phenotypes, indicating their functional redundancy, except for some tissue-specific subtypes, such as peripherins in the retina 5 and uroplakins in the bladder 6 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Structural insights into tetraspanin CD9 function

et al. 2020

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Tetraspanins play critical roles in various physiological processes, ranging from cell adhesion to virus infection. The members of the tetraspanin family have four membrane-spanning domains and short and large extracellular loops, and associate with a broad range of other functional proteins to exert cellular functions. Here we report the crystal structure of CD9 and the cryo-electron microscopic structure of CD9 in complex with its single membranespanning partner protein, EWI-2. The reversed cone-like molecular shape of CD9 generates membrane curvature in the crystalline lipid layers, which explains the CD9 localization in regions with high membrane curvature and its implications in membrane remodeling. The molecular interaction between CD9 and EWI-2 is mainly mediated through the small residues in the transmembrane region and protein/lipid interactions, whereas the fertilization assay revealed the critical involvement of the LEL region in the sperm-egg fusion, indicating the different dependency of each binding domain for other partner proteins.

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confidence: 99%

Structural insights into tetraspanin CD9 function

et al. 2020

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“…12 In animals and plants, some tetraspanins have a broad tissue distribution, while others show a restricted expression; for instance, in plant cells, different tetraspanins are expressed in specialized tissues such as the reproductive tissue and meristems, during embryo development, and in specific cell niches, such as the quiescent center or the early initial cells that give rise to lateral roots. [13][14][15] Tetraspanins appear to act as molecular organizers by forming homo-or heterodimers that localize to microdomains known as tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEMs). As components of TEMs, both animal and plant tetraspanins maintain a network of interactions with other membrane proteins, such as integrins, and signaling molecules, such as receptors, allowing the assembly of multi-molecular signaling platforms.…”

Section: The Multiple Functions Of Tetraspaninsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 Therefore, tetraspanins are dynamic master organizers within membranes that control the distribution and clustering of associated partner-proteins and thereby regulate cellular functions, such as signaling and adhesion. 14,16 Their role in vesicular trafficking and as a component of exosomes, which mediate the transport of protein, lipids, and microRNAs during intercellular and interkingdom communication, open a new avenue of research in pathogenic and mutualistic interactions in plant and animal hosts. 17…”

Section: The Multiple Functions Of Tetraspaninsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Little is known about the C-terminal tail of tetraspanins, a divergent and short region (4 to 40 amino acids) in animals and plants that is longer in fungi. 14,15,27 However, the C-terminal tail has been implicated in trafficking, as discussed below. [28][29][30] Tetraspanin interactors: what we have learned from the animal field and how little is known in plant cells…”

Section: Tetraspanin Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In animal cells, the most prominent tetraspanin interactors are the integrins, growth factor receptors, G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), several peptidases, transmembrane proteins associated with tumor progression (CD44), epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EPCAM), immunoglobulin (Ig), protein kinase C PKC), phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase (PI4KII), and phospholipase Cγ (PLCγ). 12 By contrast, the interactors of plant tetraspanins are unknown and the literature is limited to the expression and subcellular localization of plant tetraspanins in a few cell models, 4,14,15,31 and their role in recruiting ROS generating enzymes. [32][33][34] In animal cells, TEM components have been dissociated using various detergents to examine interactions between tetraspanins and other molecules in the TEM.…”

Section: Tetraspanin Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Emerging roles of tetraspanins in plant inter-cellular and inter-kingdom communication

Jiménez-Jiménez

Hashimoto

Santana

et al. 2019

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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Inter-cellular and inter-kingdom signaling systems of various levels of complexity regulate pathogenic and mutualistic interactions between bacteria, parasites, and fungi and animal and plant hosts. Interkingdom interactions between mutualistic bacteria such as rhizobia and legumes during nodulation and between fungi and plants during mycorrhizal associations, are characterized by the extensive exchange of molecular signals, which allow nitrogen and phosphate assimilation, respectively. A novel aspect of this signaling exchange is the existence of specific structures, the exosomes, that carry important molecules that shape the plant-pathogen interactions. Exosomes contain a wide array of molecules, such as lipids, proteins, messenger RNA, and microRNAs, that play important roles in cell-to-cell communication in animal and plant cells by affecting gene expression and other physiological activity in distant cells within the same organism (e.g., during cancer metastases and neuron injuries). In plant cells, it has been recently reported that exosomes go beyond organism boundaries and inhibit a pathogenic interaction in plants. Plant produce and send exosomes loaded with specific small miRNA which inhibit the pathogen infection, but the pathogen can also produce exosomes carrying propathogenic proteins and microRNAs. Therefore, exosomes are the important bridge regulating the signal exchange. Exosomes are small membrane-bound vesicles derived from multivesicular bodies (MVBs), which carries selected cargos from the cytoplasm (protein, lipids, and microRNAs) and under certain circumstances, they fuse with the plasma membrane, releasing the small vesicles as cargo-carrying exosomes into the extracellular space during intercellular and inter-kingdom communication. Animal and plant proteomic studies have demonstrated that tetraspanin proteins are an integral part of exosome membranes, positioning tetraspanins as essential components for endosome organization, with key roles in membrane fusion, cell trafficking, and membrane recognition. We discuss the similarities and differences between animal tetraspanins and plant tetraspanins formed during plant-microbe interactions and their potential role in mutualistic communication.

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A tetraspanin gene regulating auxin response and affecting orchid perianth size and various plant developmental processes

Chen

Hsu

et al. 2019

Plant Direct

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The competition between L (lip) and SP (sepal/petal) complexes in P‐code model determines the identity of complex perianth patterns in orchids. Orchid tetraspanin gene Auxin Activation Factor ( AAF ) orthologs, whose expression strongly correlated with the expansion and size of the perianth after P code established, were identified. Virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) of OAGL6‐2 in L complex resulted in smaller lips and the down‐regulation of Oncidium OnAAF . VIGS of PeMADS9 in L complex resulted in the enlarged lips and up‐regulation of Phalaenopsis PaAAF . Furthermore, the larger size of Phalaenopsis variety flowers was associated with higher PaAAF expression, larger and more cells in the perianth. Thus, a rule is established that whenever bigger perianth organs are made in orchids, higher OnAAF / PaAAF expression is observed after their identities are determined by P‐code complexes. Ectopic expression Arabidopsis AtAAF significantly increased the size of flower organs by promoting cell expansion in transgenic Arabidopsis due to the enhancement of the efficiency of the auxin response and the subsequent suppression of the jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis genes ( DAD1 / OPR3) and BIGPETAL gene during late flower development. In addition, auxin‐controlled phenotypes, such as indehiscent anthers, enhanced drought tolerance, and increased lateral root formation, were also observed in 35S:: AtAAF plants. Furthermore, 35S:: AtAAF root tips maintained gravitropism during auxin treatment. In contrast, the opposite phenotype was observed in palmitoylation‐deficient AtAAF mutants. Our data demonstrate an interaction between the tetraspanin AAF and auxin/JA that regulates the size of flower organs and impacts various developmental processes.

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TETRASPANINs in Plants

Cited by 29 publications

References 90 publications

Structural insights into tetraspanin CD9 function

Structural insights into tetraspanin CD9 function

Emerging roles of tetraspanins in plant inter-cellular and inter-kingdom communication

A tetraspanin gene regulating auxin response and affecting orchid perianth size and various plant developmental processes

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