Tetracyclines

Castillo, J

doi:10.1002/9781118675014.ch15

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This class of antimicrobials shows bacteriostatic activity against a wide array of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, mycoplasmas, some mycobacteria, as well as several protozoa and filariae too [ 5 ]. In particular, chlortetracycline (CTC), tetracycline (TC), oxytetracycline (OTC), and doxycycline (DXC) are the most commonly used drugs in poultry farming operations [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Chlortetracycline Residues, Antimicrobial Activity and Presence of Resistance Genes in Droppings of Experimentally Treated Broiler Chickens

et al. 2018

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Tetracyclines are important antimicrobial drugs for poultry farming that are actively excreted via feces and urine. Droppings are one of the main components in broiler bedding, which is commonly used as an organic fertilizer. Therefore, bedding becomes an unintended carrier of antimicrobial residues into the environment and may pose a highly significant threat to public health. For this depletion study, 60 broiler chickens were treated with 20% chlortetracycline (CTC) under therapeutic conditions. Concentrations of CTC and 4-epi-CTC were then determined in their droppings. Additionally, this work also aimed to detect the antimicrobial activity of these droppings and the phenotypic susceptibility to tetracycline in E. coli isolates, as well as the presence of tet(A), tet(B), and tet(G) resistance genes. CTC and 4-epi-CTC concentrations that were found ranged from 179.5 to 665.8 µg/kg. Based on these data, the depletion time for chicken droppings was calculated and set at 69 days. All samples presented antimicrobial activity, and a resistance to tetracyclines was found in bacterial strains that were isolated from these samples. Resistance genes tet(A) and tet(B) were also found in these samples.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Chlortetracycline Residues, Antimicrobial Activity and Presence of Resistance Genes in Droppings of Experimentally Treated Broiler Chickens

et al. 2018

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“…As a point of contrast, the use of ionophores (which are not of medical importance) have dropped by less than 4% over the same time. Tetracyclines were one of the first broad spectrum antibiotics discovered and are active against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria . The first generation of tetracyclines was isolated from Streptomyces species, but synthetic and semisynthetic techniques have given rise to second- and third-generation compounds, including glycyclines (not shown, not approved) .…”

Section: Structural Analysis Of Veterinary Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This causes bacteriostasis and eventually leads to bacterial cell death. The ketone at C1, the amide at C2, and the enol at C3 are required for antibiotic activity . The substituents at C5–C7 affect solubility, and multivalent cations like calcium are chelated by the β-keto–enol at C11 and C12.…”

Section: Structural Analysis Of Veterinary Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Structural Analysis of the FDA Green Book-Approved Veterinary Drugs and Roles in Human Medicine

et al. 2020

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The FDA Green Book is a list of all drug products that have been approved by the FDA for use in veterinary medicine. The Green Book, as published, lacks structural information corresponding to approved drugs. To address this gap, we have compiled the structural data for all FDA Green Book drugs approved through the end of 2019. Herein we discuss the relevance of this data set to human drugs in the context of structural classes and physicochemical properties. Analysis reveals that physicochemical properties are highly optimized and consistent with a high probability of favorable drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic properties, including good oral bioavailability for most compounds. We provide a detailed analysis of this data set organized on the basis of structure and function. Slightly over half (51%) of vet drugs are also approved in human medicine. Combination drugs are biologics are also discussed.

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“…Doxycycline is a tetracycline that has numerous advantages over the other members of the group (del Castillo, 2013). It shows broader spectrum of activity, higher oral bioavailability, and distributes intracellularly and to sites in the body that are protected by diffusion barriers (e.g., brain).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Doxycycline has a longer elimination half‐life and a lower affinity for Ca 2+ . Furthermore, it forms a stable solution in water, which makes it suitable for administration through the drinking water, a convenient and relatively inexpensive route of administration (del Castillo, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral doxycycline pharmacokinetics: Lambs in comparison with sheep

Mileva

Subev

Gehring

et al. 2020

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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The pharmacokinetics of doxycycline was investigated in lactating sheep and lambs after oral administration at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Concentrations in plasma and milk were assayed with HPLC‐PDA analysis. Doxycycline penetrates into the milk, and levels (0.38 ± 0.21 μg/ml) were found 0.5 hr after the treatment. The results suggest that the lambs can be exposed to doxycycline by suckling milk from their treated mothers. Population pharmacokinetic analysis showed a positive relationship between age, which reflects the stage of development of rumen function, and clearance. Possible explanations for the observed differences include the undeveloped rumen in lambs, the differences in the feed and liver function as evidenced by the blood biochemical parameters aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), which were significantly lower in lambs (62.67 ± 27.83 U/L and 8.50 ± 6.80 U/L) than in sheep (114.33 ± 20.77 U/L and 18.00 ± 3.16 U/L).

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Tetracyclines

Cited by 24 publications

References 35 publications

Determination of Chlortetracycline Residues, Antimicrobial Activity and Presence of Resistance Genes in Droppings of Experimentally Treated Broiler Chickens

Determination of Chlortetracycline Residues, Antimicrobial Activity and Presence of Resistance Genes in Droppings of Experimentally Treated Broiler Chickens

A Structural Analysis of the FDA Green Book-Approved Veterinary Drugs and Roles in Human Medicine

Oral doxycycline pharmacokinetics: Lambs in comparison with sheep

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