A Structural Analysis of the FDA Green Book-Approved Veterinary Drugs and Roles in Human Medicine

Abstract

The FDA Green Book is a list of all drug products that have been approved by the FDA for use in veterinary medicine. The Green Book, as published, lacks structural information corresponding to approved drugs. To address this gap, we have compiled the structural data for all FDA Green Book drugs approved through the end of 2019. Herein we discuss the relevance of this data set to human drugs in the context of structural classes and physicochemical properties. Analysis reveals that physicochemical properties are highly optimized and consistent with a high probability of favorable drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic properties, including good oral bioavailability for most compounds. We provide a detailed analysis of this data set organized on the basis of structure and function. Slightly over half (51%) of vet drugs are also approved in human medicine. Combination drugs are biologics are also discussed.

What’s in a Name? Drug Nomenclature and Medicinal Chemistry Trends using INN Publications

“…Having characterized the data set, we then decided to proceed evaluating the medicinal chemistry solely of SCEs listed in the INN publications. While we took inspiration from other reviews on chemical catalogues for a systematic analysis, − we also arbitrarily concentrated on particular aspects or molecules that caught our attention or on details that have recently emerged in the literature. The main goal of the review is to sprout interest in the INN catalogue, and we believe that this data set will be used in the future by others, which might concentrate on other aspects.…”

“…In our opinion, the pINN and rINN publications are a unique opportunity to scrutinize drug development as well as the recent trends in drug research and development (R&D) (as they precede marketing by a few years, see below), and, to our knowledge, this has been overlooked by scholars. Moreover, the INN publications have never been scrutinized from a medicinal chemistry viewpoint, unlike other chemical catalogues, such as FDA-approved drugs, − including veterinary drugs, the Essential Medicines List (EML), or molecules published in medicinal chemistry journals. , In the present contribution, we concentrated on the chemical entities published in the INN lists in this millennium. Indeed, the publication of the INN represents at times the first public disclosure of the molecule and, while obviously not all substances that have been assigned an INN turn into approved drugs, these are all compounds that the industry has invested in.…”

Determination of the optimum concentration of the coupling agent in chloramphenicol analysis

“…Figure 1 Structure of Chloramphenicol [13] The photometric method for the analysis of chloramphenicol can be carried out with the formation of azo compounds [14]. A reduction, diazotization, followed by a coupling reaction, are necessary for the formation of azo compounds.…”

Catalytic Enantioselective Access to Dihydroquinoxalinones via Formal α‐Halo Acyl Halide Synthon in One Pot

“…[1] Optically active N-heterocycles are of particular interest, achieving around 60 %o f FDAa pproved drugs,w ith ar elevant portion occupied by simple six-membered rings and their fused analogues. [2] In the last decades,the one-pot organocatalytic approach proved to be an excellent and increasingly applied tool to efficiently prepare important drugs and natural products under mild conditions at reduced costs,time and environmental impact. [3] Ther emarkable examples reported by the groups of Hayashi, [4a] Zhu, [4b] Aggarwal, [4c] Pai¼o, [4d] Zhang, [4e] Masson, [4f] Dixon [4g] showed additional key-features of this tool, in securing wide molecular diversity and rapid access to libraries of compounds necessary for bioassay and drug discovery,thus resulting particularly appealing from an industrial perspective.…”