Tetra- and Tribromophenoxyanisoles in Marine Samples from Oceania

Melcher, Joachim; Olbrich, Daniel; Marsh, Göran; Nikiforov, Vladimir; Gaus, Caroline; Gaul, Simon; Vetter, Walter

doi:10.1021/es051090g

Cited by 62 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…GC/EI-MS chromatograms of MeO-triBDEs (m/z 436 -black and 438 -green, extracted from the TIC) of sample extracts from (A) spinner dolphin (Stenella longirostris) and (B) false killer whale (Pseudorca crassidens). Numbers of peaks were assigned with increasing retention time and are similar to those assigned by Melcher et al (2005). observed among samples from 14 cetaceans of five different species from the Mediterranean Sea was 808 ng/g lw in a Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus), considering the sum of three methoxylated tetrabromodiphenylethers (ΣMeO-TeBDEs) (Pettersson et al, 2004).…”

Section: Meo-pbdes (2′-meo-bde 68 and 6-meo-bde 47)supporting

confidence: 65%

“…4). As suggested by Melcher et al (2005), the mixture of MeO-triBDEs congeners observed in the dolphin samples possibly derive from the debromination of 2′-MeO-BDE 68 and 6-MeO-BDE 47. However, intensities and profiles of the MeO-PBDE congeners observed in the dolphins may differ from those observed from the anaerobic debromination of 2′-MeO-BDE 68 and 6-MeO-BDE 47.…”

Section: Other Meo-pbde Congenersmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…The MeO-triBDEs were numbered according to Melcher et al (2005). a As suggested by Melcher et al (2005). Fig.…”

Section: Comparison Between Organobrominated Compounds Of Natural Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, several other MeO-PBDE congeners, such as tribrominated and other tetrabrominated MeO-PBDEs, could be observed in samples of marine mammals (Melcher et al, 2005). MeO-PBDEs have been reported as having natural origin (Teuten et al, 2005;Teuten and Reddy, 2007), being formed by sponges (Vetter et al, 2002) or algae (Malmvärn et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anthropogenic and naturally-produced organobrominated compounds in marine mammals from Brazil

Dorneles

Lailson‐Brito

Dirtu

et al. 2010

Environment International

106

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Liver samples from 51 cetaceans, comprising 10 species, stranded between 1994 and 2006 in a highly industrialized and urbanized region in Southeast Brazil, were analyzed for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and methoxylated-PBDEs (MeO-PBDEs). A concentration range of PBDEs (3-5960 ng/g lw) similar to that observed in Northern Hemisphere dolphins was found. MeO-PBDE concentrations in continental shelf (CS) dolphins from Brazil are among the highest detected to date in cetaceans (up to 250 µg/g lw). Higher ΣMeO-PBDE concentrations were measured in CS and oceanic dolphins than in estuarine dolphins. The ΣPBDE/ΣMeO-PBDE ratio varied significantly ranging from a mean value of 7.12 to 0.08 and 0.01 for estuarine, CS and oceanic species, respectively. A positive correlation was observed between ΣPBDE and year of stranding of male estuarine dolphins (Sotalia guianensis), which suggests temporal variation in the exposure. Placental transfer of organobrominated compounds was also evidenced in S. guianensis.

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Section: Meo-pbdes (2′-meo-bde 68 and 6-meo-bde 47)supporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Other Meo-pbde Congenersmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…The MeO-triBDEs were numbered according to Melcher et al (2005). a As suggested by Melcher et al (2005). Fig.…”

Section: Comparison Between Organobrominated Compounds Of Natural Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anthropogenic and naturally-produced organobrominated compounds in marine mammals from Brazil

Dorneles

Lailson‐Brito

Dirtu

et al. 2010

Environment International

106

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“…These compounds have been reported previously in whale and fish oil (Teuten and Reddy, 2007;Covaci et al, 2007), in fish and in marine mammals (Vetter et al, 2002;Pettersson et al, 2004;Melcher et al, 2005;Losada et al, 2009;Weijs et al, 2009b). To date, no reports on their presence of algae and sponges in the Black Sea are available.…”

Section: Levels and Profilesmentioning

confidence: 54%

Occurrence of anthropogenic and naturally-produced organohalogenated compounds in tissues of Black Sea harbour porpoises

Weijs

Das

Neels

et al. 2010

Marine Pollution Bulletin

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a b s t r a c tHarbour porpoises are one of the three cetacean species inhabiting the Black Sea. This is the first study to report on polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and naturally-produced compounds, methoxylated PBDEs (MeO-PBDEs) and polybrominated hexahydroxanthene derivatives (PBHDs), in tissues (kidney, brain, blubber, liver, muscle) of male harbour porpoises (11 adults, 9 juveniles) from the Black Sea. Lipid-normalized concentrations decreased from muscle > blubber > liver > kidney > brain for the sum of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and for the sum of PBDEs. Among the naturally-produced compounds, levels of PBHDs were higher than of MeO-PBDEs, with tri-BHD and 6-MeO-BDE 47 being the dominant compounds for both groups, respectively. Concentrations of naturally-produced compounds decreased from blubber to brain, similarly to the sum of DDT and metabolites (DDXs). Concentrations of DDXs were highest, followed by PCBs, HCB, PBHDs, PBDEs and MeO-PBDEs. Levels of PCBs and PBDEs in blubber were lower than concentrations reported for harbour porpoises from the North Sea, while concentrations of DDXs were higher.

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Neutral and phenolic brominated organic compounds of natural and anthropogenic origin in northeast Atlantic Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus)

Strid

Athanassiadis

Athanasiadou

et al. 2010

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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In the present study, muscle and liver tissue from 10 female Greenland sharks (Somniosus microcephalus) collected in Icelandic waters were analyzed for neutral and phenolic brominated organic compounds, including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and the structurally related methoxylated (MeO) and hydroxylated (OH) PBDEs. Hydroxylated PBDEs exist both as natural products and as metabolites of the anthropogenic PBDEs, whereas MeO-PBDEs appear to exclusively be of natural origin. Other compounds examined were 2',6-dimethoxy-2,3',4,5'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (2',6-diMeO-BDE68), 2,2'-dimethoxy-3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobiphenyl (2,2'-diMeO-BB80), 2,4,6-tribromoanisol (2,4,6-TBA) and 2,4,6-tribromophenol, all of natural origin, although 2,4,6-TBA and its phenolic counterpart may also be of anthropogenic origin. The major brominated organic compound was 6-MeO-BDE47, and ΣMeO-PBDE ranged from 49 to 210 ng/g fat in muscle and from 55 to 200 ng/g fat in liver tissue. Total concentrations of PBDEs were lower than ΣMeO-PBDE, in all but one sample, ranging between 7.3 to 190 and 9.9 to 200 ng/g fat in muscle and liver, respectively, and major congeners were BDE-47, BDE-99, and BDE-100. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers were analyzed using both high- and low-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) as a quality assurance, and the results from this comparison were acceptable. In accordance with previous work on Greenland sharks, no size/age-related accumulation was observed. Differences seen in concentrations were instead assumed to be a reflection of different feeding habits among the individuals. Phenolic compounds were only formed/retained in trace amounts in the Greenland shark. Among the phenolic compounds studied were 6-OH-BDE47, 2'-OH-BDE68, and 2,4,6-tribromophenol, all detected in liver and the latter two in muscle.

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Tetra- and Tribromophenoxyanisoles in Marine Samples from Oceania

Cited by 62 publications

References 26 publications

Anthropogenic and naturally-produced organobrominated compounds in marine mammals from Brazil

Anthropogenic and naturally-produced organobrominated compounds in marine mammals from Brazil

Occurrence of anthropogenic and naturally-produced organohalogenated compounds in tissues of Black Sea harbour porpoises

Neutral and phenolic brominated organic compounds of natural and anthropogenic origin in northeast Atlantic Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus)

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