Tethered Spinal Cord: An Analysis of Clinical Research

Developmental study of tethered spinal cord in murine embryos with anorectal malformations

“…high-resolution diagnostic equipment such as spinal magnetic resonance imaging and 3-dimensional computed tomography have demonstrated a higher frequency of tethered cord in the setting of ARMs than previously estimated [5,10]. However, it remains controversial whether or when the tethered cord should be surgically corrected because of the ambiguity of neurologic manifestations from tethered cord syndrome and also because of the lack of appropriate experimental model to investigate its pathogenic process [4,11,12].…”

Constipation in Infants and Children: Evaluation and Treatment

“…Articles were evaluated using written criteria developed by Sackett et al (9,10) These criteria had been used in previous reviews (11,12). Five articles were chosen at random and reviewed by a colleague in the Department of Pediatrics at the University of Rochester (New York, U.S.A.) who had been trained in epidemiology.…”

Controversies in the treatment of neural tube defects with neurological deterioration

“…We reviewed 215 papers published between 1943-1994 addressing the issue of tethered spinal cord [Liptak, 1992[Liptak, , 1995. Valid and generalizable conclusions were difficult to draw from these studies because of severe methodological problems.…”