Tetanus toxoid provides efficient T‐cell help for the induction of HA‐1^H cytotoxic T cells

Abstract

This study demonstrates that TT provides a very potent and cost-effective tool for the in vitro induction of antigen-specific CTLs from precursor PBMNCs that can easily be adapted to GMP conditions for translational purposes.

Interleukin-1 from epithelial cells fosters T cell-dependent skin inflammation

“…We also used tetanus toxoid as a model antigen as previously described 28,29 . Tetanus toxoid, in contrast to SEB, has to be taken up, processed and presented via major histocompatibility complex class II.…”

“…We also used tetanus toxoid as a model antigen as previously described. 28,29 Tetanus toxoid, in contrast to SEB, has to be taken up, processed and presented via major histocompatibility complex class II. Although we could not reproduce earlier findings 13,30 of a significant antigen presentation capacity by keratinocytes, we saw a strong enhancement of IFN-c production when adding professional APCs to the cultures as compared with cultures of APCs and T cells without epithelial cells.…”

Identification of therapeutically relevant mHags and strategies for mHag‐based immunotherapy after allogeneic HSCT: where do we stand?

“…In previous studies, in vitro generation of mHag‐specific CTLs from stem cell donors or healthy blood donors was successfully achieved using peptide‐pulsed or gene‐transduced dendritic cells (DCs) [48,54,55] and artificial antigen‐presenting cells (aAPCs) [56,57] Successful generation was also attained when CD4+ T‐cell help was provided by tetanus toxoid (TT) during primary stimulation [58].…”

Selective addition of CXCR3+CCR4-CD4+ Th1 cells enhances generation of cytotoxic T cells by dendritic cells in vitro

“…The first is the type of stimulus given to CD4 + T cells. In contrast to previous studies on tetanus toxoid induced T-cell help (Ostankovitch et al, 1997;Eiz-Vesper et al, 2006), we used anti-CD3/28 magnetic beads to activate freshly isolated CD4 + T cells resulting in nonspecific activation of nonspecific subpopulations. The second is the inhibitory factors produced by the subpopulations including Th2 and regulatory T cells within CD4 + T cells, resulting in reduction of CTL proliferation and the relatively low quality of their effector function (Jin et al, 2000;Osada et al, 2005).…”