Tests on Thin Reinforced Concrete Walls Subjected to In-Plane and Out-of-Plane Cyclic Loading

Almeida, João Saraiva Esteves Pacheco de; Prodan, Ovidiu; Rosso, Angelica; Beyer, Katrin

doi:10.1193/101915eqs154dp

Cited by 47 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In the 2010 Chile and 2011 Christchurch earthquakes, out‐of‐plane instability was observed in some slender RC shear walls including L‐shaped walls, which was an uncommon failure mode for concrete walls and raised concerns about the global instability of slender RC walls. The parameters governing the out‐of‐plane failure of RC walls could be obtained by cyclic tensile‐compressive tests on boundary elements and modified with experiments on RC shear walls under in‐plane cyclic loading . Furthermore, relevant analytical models and finite element models for out‐of‐plane instability were developed and subsequently verified with experimental results, demonstrating that these numerical models were able to predict the out‐of‐plane deformation as well as the ultimate failure mode due to out‐of‐plane instability .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The impact of bidirectional loading was an additional consideration for the flanged shear walls compared with rectangular walls, as they were designed for acting in different directions. Though both uni‐ and bidirectionally loaded walls had similar strength, it was observed that bidirectional loading resulted in the premature of sudden and substantial losses in strength as well as out‐of‐plane instability for nonplanar RC shear walls …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The parameters governing the out-of-plane failure of RC walls could be obtained by cyclic tensile-compressive tests on boundary elements [15] and modified with experiments on RC shear walls under in-plane cyclic loading. [16,17] Furthermore, relevant analytical models and finite element models for out-of-plane instability were developed and subsequently verified with experimental results, demonstrating that these numerical models were able to predict the out-of-plane deformation as well as the ultimate failure mode due to out-of-plane instability. [18][19][20][21][22] The impact of bidirectional loading was an additional consideration for the flanged shear walls compared with rectangular walls, as they were designed for acting in different directions.…”

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confidence: 96%

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Deformation limits of L‐shaped reinforced concrete shear walls: Experiment and evaluation

Han

Chen

et al. 2019

Structural Design Tall Build

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Summary L‐shaped reinforced concrete (RC) shear walls have been studied over the years due to their importance in tall buildings. However, few investigations focus on the progression of damage with increasing deformation, especially on the deformation limits for different performance levels. Hence, an experiment was conducted on 12 L‐shaped RC shear walls subjected to axial and cyclic lateral loadings. The variables were shear span ratio, axial load ratio, and longitudinal boundary element reinforcement ratio. The seismic performances were analyzed and discussed in terms of crack pattern, failure mode, hysteretic response, backbone envelope, and ductility factor. On the basis of the three key performance state points on the backbone envelope, a method was proposed to assess the seismic performances of L‐shaped RC shear walls using six distinct performance levels. These performance levels were provided with relevant deformation limits and proved to be in good agreement with six significative damage states. Further, comparative analysis showed that the deformation limits derived from experiments were significantly underestimated by current codes and methods available in literature, because these prediction models were mainly developed for rectangular shear walls. Considering the contribution of flange, a modification of Cui's method yields good estimations of deformation limits for L‐shaped RC shear walls.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 96%

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Deformation limits of L‐shaped reinforced concrete shear walls: Experiment and evaluation

Han

Chen

et al. 2019

Structural Design Tall Build

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“…Among them, the influence of lap splices on the in-plane structural behavior was addressed by test units TW2 and TW3. A brief description of the test setup and of the walls response follows; the data of these tests and a more detailed description of the test setup is available in Almeida et al (2017).…”

Section: Description Of Experimental Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The walls were instrumented using conventional [e.g., linear variable displacement transducer (LVDTs)] and optical measurement systems, a complete description of which can be found in Almeida et al (2017). The deformations of the wall surface were measured using a grid of 29 columns × 18 rows of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on the east face of the wall, see Fig.…”

Section: (B)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Lap Splices on the Deformation Capacity of RC Walls. I: Database Assembly, Recent Experimental Data, and Findings for Model Development

et al. 2017

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Recent postearthquake missions have shown that reinforced concrete (RC) wall buildings can experience critical damage owing to lap splices, which led to a recent surge in experimental tests of walls with such constructional details. Most of the 16 wall tests described in the literature thus far were carried out in the last six years. This paper presents a database with these wall tests, including the description of a new test on a wall with lap splices and a corresponding reference wall with continuous reinforcement. They complement the existing tests by investigating a spliced member with a shear span ratio smaller than two, which is the smallest among them. The objective of this database is to collect information not just on the force capacity but mainly on the deformation capacity of lap splices in reinforced concrete walls. It is shown that (1) well-confined lap splices relocate the plastic hinge above the lap splice, (2) lap splices with adequate lengths but insufficiently confined attain the peak force but their deformation capacity is significantly reduced, and (3) short and not well-confined lap splices fail before reaching the strength capacity. The analysis of the test results, which are used in the companion paper for the finite element analysis of walls with lap splices, indicates in particular that the confining reinforcement ratio and the ratio of shear span to lap splice length influence the lap splice strain capacity.

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Experimental study on the effects of bi‐directional loading pattern on rectangular reinforced concrete walls

Niroomandi

Pampanin

Dhakal

et al. 2021

Earthq Engng Struct Dyn

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In this experimental study, three identical reinforced concrete (RC) walls were tested under three different lateral loading patterns. These loading patterns were cyclic in‐plane, skewed with 45° angle and clover leaf. The main objective was to investigate the effects of these bi‐directional loading patterns on the seismic behavior of slender rectangular RC walls. The results showed significant increase in tensile and compressive strains in concrete and longitudinal bars that led to earlier cover concrete spalling and bar buckling in the specimens subjected to bi‐directional loading. The neutral axis depth and compression zone were found to be substantially larger when subjected to bi‐directional loading and this led to the occurrence of concrete crushing and bar buckling in the web. Moreover, lateral instability failure triggered earlier in the specimens under bi‐directional loading, as a result of reduction of out‐of‐plane stiffness of the wall. However, bi‐directional loading did not significantly increase out‐of‐plane buckling of the wall in terms of out‐of‐plane displacement. In‐plane and out‐of‐plane shear cracks formed in one of the specimens subjected to bi‐directional loading, whereas the same wall under in‐plane loading developed only flexural cracks. It was also found that in‐plane shear deformation was larger when the wall was subjected to bi‐directional loading. The results of this experimental study emphasize the need for further investigation of the effects of bi‐directional loading on RC structural walls.

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Tests on Thin Reinforced Concrete Walls Subjected to In-Plane and Out-of-Plane Cyclic Loading

Cited by 47 publications

References 14 publications

Deformation limits of L‐shaped reinforced concrete shear walls: Experiment and evaluation

Deformation limits of L‐shaped reinforced concrete shear walls: Experiment and evaluation

Influence of Lap Splices on the Deformation Capacity of RC Walls. I: Database Assembly, Recent Experimental Data, and Findings for Model Development

Experimental study on the effects of bi‐directional loading pattern on rectangular reinforced concrete walls

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