Tests of hadronic interactions with measurements by Pierre Auger Observatory

Prado, R. R.

doi:10.1051/epjconf/201920808003

Cited by 6 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…It is not equivalent to calculate it as the linear combination of 𝜌 𝜇, 𝐴 /𝐸 𝑅 (𝐸 𝑅𝑖 ), because the mass fractions 𝑓 𝐴 (𝐸) depend on the energy 𝐸, which is an integration variable in Eq. (1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Muon deficit in simulations of air showers inferred from AGASA data

Gesualdi¹,

Supanitsky²,

Etchegoyen³

2021

Preprint

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Multiple experiments reported evidences of a muon deficit in air shower simulations with respect to data, which increases with the primary energy. In this work, we study the muon deficit using measurements of the muon density at 1000 m from the shower axis obtained by the Akeno Giant Air Shower Array (AGASA). The selected events have reconstructed energies in the range 18.83 ≤ log 10 (𝐸 𝑅 /eV) ≤ 19.46 and zenith angles 𝜃 ≤ 36 • . We compare these muon density measurements to proton, iron, and mixed composition scenarios, obtained by using the highenergy hadronic interaction models EPOS-LHC, QGSJetII-04, and Sibyll2.3c. We find that AGASA data are compatible with a heavier composition, lying above the predictions of the mixed composition scenarios. The average muon density divided by the energy in AGASA data is greater than in the mixed composition scenarios by a factor of 1.49 ± 0.11 (stat) ± 0.49 0.30 (syst), 1.54 ± 0.12 (stat) ± 0.50 0.31 (syst), and 1.66 ± 0.13 (stat) ± 0.54 0.34 (syst) for EPOS-LHC, Sibyll2.3c, and QGSJetII-04, respectively. We interpret this as further evidence of a muon deficit in air shower simulations at the highest energies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The composition is determined through the comparison of data to air shower simulations. The two most sensitive observables to the composition are the depth of the shower maximum 𝑋 max and the number of muons 𝑁 𝜇 [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muon deficit in simulations of air showers inferred from AGASA data

Gesualdi¹,

Supanitsky²,

Etchegoyen³

2021

Preprint

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“…It is worth mentioning that, with the surface scintilliator detectors of the upgrade of the Pierre Auger Observatory [5], AugerPrime, it will be possible to study the muon deficit in air shower simulations in much more detail in the energy range considered in this work.…”

Section: Calculation Of the Muon Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These charged nuclei are deflected by magnetic fields as they propagate from their sources to the Earth's atmosphere. Since light nuclei are less deflected than heavy ones, the primary nature is of crucial importance for the identification of the sources, which could be possible considering the light component at the highest energies [5]. Furthermore, composition information is also important to understand the transition between galactic and extra-galactic cosmic rays [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muon deficit in air shower simulations estimated from AGASA muon measurements

2020

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In this work, direct measurements of the muon density at 1000 m from the shower axis obtained by the Akeno Giant Air Shower Array (AGASA) are analysed. The selected events have zenith angles θ ≤ 36 • and reconstructed energies in the range 18.83 ≤ log 10 (ER/eV) ≤ 19.46. These are compared to the predictions corresponding to proton, iron, and mixed composition scenarios obtained by using the high-energy hadronic interaction models EPOS-LHC, QGSJetII-04, and Sibyll2.3c. The mass fractions of the mixed composition scenarios are taken from the fits to the depth of the shower maximum distributions performed by the Pierre Auger Collaboration. The cross-calibrated energy scale from the Spectrum Working Group [D. Ivanov, for the Pierre Auger Collaboration and the Telescope Array Collaboration, PoS(ICRC2017) 498 (2017)] is used to combine results from different experiments. The analysis shows that the AGASA data are compatible with a heavier composition with respect to the one predicted by the mixed composition scenarios. Interpreting this as a muon deficit in air shower simulations, the incompatibility is quantified. The muon density obtained from AGASA data is greater than that of the mixed composition scenarios by a factor of 1.49 ± 0.11 (stat) ± 0.18 (syst), 1.54 ± 0.12 (stat) ± 0.18 (syst), and 1.66 ± 0.13 (stat) ± 0.20 (syst) for EPOS-LHC, Sibyll2.3c, and QGSJetII-04, respectively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muon deficit in simulations of air showers inferred from AGASA data

Gesualdi¹,

Supanitsky²,

Etchegoyen³

2021

Proceedings of 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2021)

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Multiple experiments reported evidences of a muon deficit in air shower simulations with respect to data, which increases with the primary energy. In this work, we study the muon deficit using measurements of the muon density at 1000 m from the shower axis obtained by the Akeno Giant Air Shower Array (AGASA). The selected events have reconstructed energies in the range 18.83 ≤ log 10 (E R /eV) ≤ 19.46 and zenith angles θ ≤ 36 • . We compare these muon density measurements to proton, iron, and mixed composition scenarios, obtained by using the highenergy hadronic interaction models EPOS-LHC, QGSJetII-04, and Sibyll2.3c. We find that AGASA data are compatible with a heavier composition, lying above the predictions of the mixed composition scenarios. The average muon density divided by the energy in AGASA data is greater than in the mixed composition scenarios by a factor of 1.49 ± 0.11 (stat) ± 0.49 0.30 (syst), 1.54 ± 0.12 (stat) ± 0.50 0.31 (syst), and 1.66 ± 0.13 (stat) ± 0.54 0.34 (syst) for EPOS-LHC, Sibyll2.3c, and QGSJetII-04, respectively. We interpret this as further evidence of a muon deficit in air shower simulations at the highest energies.

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Tests of hadronic interactions with measurements by Pierre Auger Observatory

Cited by 6 publications

References 15 publications

Muon deficit in simulations of air showers inferred from AGASA data

Muon deficit in simulations of air showers inferred from AGASA data

Muon deficit in air shower simulations estimated from AGASA muon measurements

Muon deficit in simulations of air showers inferred from AGASA data

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