Tests of a New Solar Flare Model Against D and E Region Ionosphere Data

Siskind, David E.; Jones, McArthur; Reep, Jeffrey W.; Drob, Douglas P.; Samaddar, Srimoyee; Bailey, S. M.; Zhang, Shun‐Rong

doi:10.1029/2021sw003012

Cited by 11 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 73 publications

(150 reference statements)

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“…EPMC modeling results are, in general, consistent with Siskind et al (2022) in the wavelength range from 0.1 to 1.4 nm. For the 1-1.4 nm channel, the altitude of peak ionization rate calculated using EPMC is found to be the same as that of Siskind et al (2022). As for the other three channels, the altitude of peak ionization rate is, on average, 3-4 km lower than Siskind et al (2022).…”

Section: Models and Methodologysupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Figure 2a shows the comparison of ionization production by solar X-rays with wavelengths from 0.1 to 1.4 nm between EPMC results (dashed lines) and those reported in Siskind et al (2022) (solid lines). For the sake of comparison, the X-ray spectra used in EPMC simulations are chosen to be the same as those of Siskind et al (2022). EPMC modeling results are, in general, consistent with Siskind et al (2022) in the wavelength range from 0.1 to 1.4 nm.…”

Section: Models and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 93%

“…For the sake of comparison, the X-ray spectra used in EPMC simulations are chosen to be the same as those of Siskind et al (2022). EPMC modeling results are, in general, consistent with Siskind et al (2022) in the wavelength range from 0.1 to 1.4 nm. For the 1-1.4 nm channel, the altitude of peak ionization rate calculated using EPMC is found to be the same as that of Siskind et al (2022).…”

Section: Models and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pettit et al (2018), on the other hand, have estimated the atmospheric chemical changes brought by solar flares, albeit the influence on the ozone concentration is found to be insignificant. The key to better assess the solar flare effects is to better quantify the electron density enhancements in the D-region ionosphere, which is still somewhat uncertain despite numerous studies (Siskind et al, 2022).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Measurements and Modeling of the Responses of VLF Transmitter Signals to X‐Class Solar Flares at the Great Wall Station in Antarctica

et al. 2023

Space Weather

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Section: Models and Methodologysupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Models and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Models and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurements and Modeling of the Responses of VLF Transmitter Signals to X‐Class Solar Flares at the Great Wall Station in Antarctica

et al. 2023

Space Weather

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“…In contrast to the Siskind et al (2022), Singh et al (2014), Thomson et al (2005), Ryakhovskiy et al (2018), where data of radiophysical measurements were used to solve the inverse problem of reconstructing exponential profile of Ne (Ferguson, 1995;Wait & Spies, 1964), in this paper verification is carried out directly on high-precision low-noise experimental data of the amplitude and phase of the signal.…”

Section: Model Verification With the Use Of Ground-based Radiophysica...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison and Verification of the Different Schemes for the Ionization‐Recombination Cycle of the Ionospheric D‐Region

2022

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The issue of modeling the Earth's lower ionosphere in calm and disturbed conditions remains one of the most urgent issues in atmospheric research. The difficulty of obtaining experimental data at heights of the D-region (50-90 km) hinders the construction of good quality empirical models of ionospheric parameters; therefore, the dynamics of the component concentrations under conditions of disturbances (e.g., X-ray flares) are typically described by theoretical models of varying complexity. Considering the dynamics of a large number of charged and small neutral components allows, a more detailed and interconnected description of the photochemistry of the medium (

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A Missing Piece of the E‐Region Puzzle: High‐Resolution Photoionization Cross Sections and Solar Irradiances in Models

Soto,

Evans,

Meier

et al. 2024

JGR Space Physics

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Most ionospheric models cannot sufficiently reproduce the observed electron density profiles in the E‐region ionosphere, since they usually underestimate electron densities and do not match the profile shape. Mitigation of these issues is often addressed by increasing the solar soft X‐ray flux which is ineffective for resolving data‐model discrepancies. We show that low‐resolution cross sections and solar spectral irradiances fail to preserve structure within the data, which considerably impacts radiative processes in the E‐region, and are largely responsible for the discrepancies between observations and simulations. To resolve data‐model inconsistencies, we utilize new high‐resolution (0.001 nm) atomic oxygen (O) and molecular nitrogen (N2) cross sections and solar spectral irradiances, which contain autoionization and narrow rotational lines that allow solar photons to reach lower altitudes and increase the photoelectron flux. This work improves upon Meier et al. (2007, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006gl028484) by additionally incorporating high‐resolution N2 photoionization and photoabsorption cross sections in model calculations. Model results with the new inputs show increased O+ production rates of over 500%, larger than those of Meier et al. (2007, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006gl028484) and total ion production rates of over 125%, while production rates decrease by ∼15% in the E‐region in comparison to the results obtained using the cross section compilation from Conway (1988, https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA193866.pdf). Low‐resolution molecular oxygen (O2) cross sections from the Conway compilation are utilized for all input cases and indicate that is a dominant contributor to the total ion production rate in the E‐region. Specifically, the photoionization contributed from longer wavelengths is a main contributor at ∼120 km.

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Tests of a New Solar Flare Model Against D and E Region Ionosphere Data

Cited by 11 publications

References 73 publications

Measurements and Modeling of the Responses of VLF Transmitter Signals to X‐Class Solar Flares at the Great Wall Station in Antarctica

Measurements and Modeling of the Responses of VLF Transmitter Signals to X‐Class Solar Flares at the Great Wall Station in Antarctica

Comparison and Verification of the Different Schemes for the Ionization‐Recombination Cycle of the Ionospheric D‐Region

A Missing Piece of the E‐Region Puzzle: High‐Resolution Photoionization Cross Sections and Solar Irradiances in Models

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