Testosterone, Sexual Offense Recidivism, and Treatment Effect Among Adult Male Sex Offenders

Studer, Lea H.; Aylwin, A. Scott; Reddon, John R.

doi:10.1007/s11194-005-4603-0

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Separating the group into patients who completed the therapy and those who discontinued it prematurely, the correlation remained significant only in the dropout group. Moreover, the portion of subjects with elevated T levels (e.g., higher than 29.9 nmol/L, corresponding to 8.6 ng/mL) was much higher in the completer group (11.9%) and in the drop-out group (12.1%) than in the healthy population (2.5%) [56]. In contrast, examining 10 sexual offenders and 10 healthy controls, Haake et al did not find different acute neuroendocrine responses to sexual stimulation based on sexually explicit videos and masturbation until orgasm even though sexual offenders were selected for high sexual drive combined with a short refractory period or high masturbation frequency or both [57].…”

Section: Endocrinology Of Paraphiliamentioning

confidence: 88%

“…In a sample of 501 convicted adult male sex offenders attending an intensive in-hospital group psychotherapy treatment program, it was found that men with higher T levels tended to have committed more physically abusive sexual crimes [56]. Adjusting for age, T level was partially positively correlated with sexual offense recidivism over a mean follow-up period of 8.9 years.…”

Section: Endocrinology Of Paraphiliamentioning

confidence: 96%

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The Role of Testosterone in Sexuality and Paraphilia—A Neurobiological Approach. Part II: Testosterone and Paraphilia

Jordan

Fromberger

Stolpmann

et al. 2011

The Journal of Sexual Medicine

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Introduction Antiandrogen therapy has been used for 30 years to treat paraphilic patients and sexual offenders. Yet the therapeutic success of antiandrogens is uncertain. Furthermore, there is still a lack of comprehensive knowledge about the effects of androgen-lowering therapy in paraphilic patients. Aim We discuss endocrinological, neurobiological, and therapeutic aspects of paraphilia with the aim of integrating these on the basis of the current neurobiological and clinical knowledge on testosterone that was set out in Part I of this review. Methods Our review of the human literature comprises the current knowledge about the neurobiology of paraphilia and the known endocrinological, pathophysiological, and genetic aspects of this disorder. The role of testosterone is discussed. A survey of antiandrogen therapy and its outcome in paraphilic patients and sex offenders is provided. Results Although not all data are consistent, current imaging research suggests that structural and functional changes in pedophilia appear for the most part in brain regions also involved in sexual functions. Not exclusively testosterone but also some other endocrinological and neurochemical parameters could be disturbed in pedophilic patients and child molesters; these include changes in hypothalamic–pituitary function, prolactin levels, and dopaminergic or serotonergic functions. There appears to be a sex-steroid-related genetic influence on antisocial traits, externalizing behavior, and sexual behavior. Most of the studies in which antiandrogen therapy in paraphilic patients and sex offenders have been examined were case reports, or observational or open-label studies, and many did not include adequate control groups. Only a few placebo-controlled double-blind studies have been published with inconsistent results concerning treatment effects. Outcome measures differ between the studies and do not seem ideally suited to their purpose. Conclusions On the basis of the current knowledge about testosterone and its effects on brain and behavior as described in Part I, and of available results on the relationship between testosterone and paraphilia as well as antiandrogen therapy, we present from a neurobiological perspective an extended scientific proposal for design features to investigate the effects of antiandrogen treatment in large clinical trials.

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Section: Endocrinology Of Paraphiliamentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Endocrinology Of Paraphiliamentioning

confidence: 96%

The Role of Testosterone in Sexuality and Paraphilia—A Neurobiological Approach. Part II: Testosterone and Paraphilia

Jordan

Fromberger

Stolpmann

et al. 2011

The Journal of Sexual Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Another study advocated the hypothesis that T is related to the severity of expressed aggression, associated with sexual offending. The authors have concluded that serum T levels may predict sexual offense recidivism more precisely than that anticipated earlier (19). This suggests that T is not only related to aggression and sexual drive alone, but it may also be related to sexual aggression.…”

Section: Testosterone and Sexual Offendingmentioning

confidence: 91%

Testosterone and Sexual Offending: From Pathophysiology to Treatment

Selek¹,

Bolu²

2018

Turk J Endocrinol Metab

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“…88 A more recent investigation examined serum testosterone levels in 501 adult male sex offenders. 89 Men with higher testosterone were reported to have historically committed the most invasive sex crimes and were reported to be more likely to recidivate.…”

Section: Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sadism, Sadomasochism, Sex, and Violence

Fedoroff

2008

Can J Psychiatry

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Sadism and masochism occupy a special place among the perversions, for the contrast of activity and passivity lying at their bases belong to the common traits of the sexual life. 2, p 1 T he topics of sex and violence are of almost universal interest. A Google search using the word sex produces 687-million hits. A search linking sex with synonyms for violence results in 274-million searchable links. A more specific review of the scientific literature was conducted using SUM search, which combines a metasearch strategy with contingency searching of major databases including PubMed and PsycLIT. In our review, the following key words were linked with the word sexual: violence, sadism, homicide, coercion, and predator. This search, limited to human subject research published in the English language within the last 10 years, The true prevalence of sexual sadism (and its variants) is unknown. However, all clinicians will knowingly or unknowingly encounter patients with this disorder. Regretfully, few programs offer adequate education in normal sexuality and even less provide training in the assessment and treatment of pathologic sexual interests. This review synthesizes current theories about possible etiologies of criminal sexual sadism and the resulting implications for diagnosis and treatment of this sexual disorder. Included is a review of theories of criminally sadistic sexual motivations, response patterns, and physiology, including possible neurophysiologic factors and more complex interactions. This review focuses primarily on published English-language scientific studies of sexual sadism. It should be noted that my use of the term sadism refers to nonconsensual sexual aggression. Can J Psychiatry 2008;53(10):637-646Highlights · While some scientific evidence supports an interaction between sexual behaviours and aggression, the purported association between sex and violence in media reports is misleading. This is due to a focus on sensational cases, lack of consistency in diagnostic criteria, inconclusive study designs, overgeneralization, and reliance on opinion. · Sexual arousal from consensual interactions that include domination should be distinguished from nonconsensual sex acts. Nonconsensual sex may be opportunistic, disinhibited, or sexually motivated. Often motivations are mixed. · Future research needs to integrate studies to account for how neurophysiologic and neurohormonal events translate into psychologic experiences that in turn are modified by social variables within specific populations across the lifespan. · The frequency of reported sex crimes is decreasing. The efficacy of treatment for paraphilias of all types is improving. Further research into the relation between sex and violence will aid in decreasing sex crimes but more importantly will aid in understanding how to facilitate safe, healthy, and happy sexuality for everyone.resulted in 4211 journal article citations. These citations were combined with 148 journal articles identified by the key word sadomasochism, followed up by referral...

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Testosterone, Sexual Offense Recidivism, and Treatment Effect Among Adult Male Sex Offenders

Cited by 12 publications

References 40 publications

The Role of Testosterone in Sexuality and Paraphilia—A Neurobiological Approach. Part II: Testosterone and Paraphilia

The Role of Testosterone in Sexuality and Paraphilia—A Neurobiological Approach. Part II: Testosterone and Paraphilia

Testosterone and Sexual Offending: From Pathophysiology to Treatment

Sadism, Sadomasochism, Sex, and Violence

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