Testosterone's Role in COVID-19

Auerbach, Jeremy M.; Khera, Mohit

doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.03.004

Cited by 30 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Recent studies have linked low susceptibility in females to variations in innate immunity, steroid hormones and other factors associated with sex chromosomes. 24 For instance, reduced testosterone levels have been widely linked to high severity in males 25 The regulatory roles played by androgen on transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) coupled with the positioning of the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 ( ACE2 ) gene on X-chromosome underlie increased ACE2 levels or rebalancing of ACE1/ACE2, which altogether, could account for favorable outcomes in females infected with COVID-19. 26 In addition, older males have the obligations to provide for their families, hence they constituted majority of the working population in jobs, such as construction, logistics, delivery and other essential services during the COVID-19 outbreak which increased their contacts and interactions within the society.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comorbidities and Risk Factors for Severe Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Shaikh¹,

Aldhafferi²,

Buker³

et al. 2021

JMDH

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Purpose The first novel coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) case in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) was reported in Qatif in March 2020 with continual increase in infection and mortality rates since then. In this study, we aim to determine risk factors which effect severity and mortality rates in a cohort of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in KSA. Method We reviewed medical records of hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 positive results via reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) tests at Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Riyadh between May and August 2020. Data were obtained for patient’s demography, body mass index (BMI), and comorbidities. Additional data on patients that required intensive care unit (ICU) admission and clinical outcomes were recorded and analyzed with Python Pandas. Results A total of 565 COVID-19 positive patients were inducted in the study out of which, 63 (11.1%) patients died while 101 (17.9%) patients required ICU admission. Disease incidences were significantly higher in males and non-Saudi nationals. Patients with cardiovascular, respiratory, and renal diseases displayed significantly higher association with ICU admissions (p<0.001) while mortality rates were significantly higher in COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular, respiratory, renal and neurological diseases. Univariate cox proportional hazards regression model showed that COVID-19 positive patients requiring ICU admission [Hazard’s ratio, HR=4.2 95% confidence interval, CI 2.5–7.2); p <0.001] with preexisting cardiovascular [HR=4.1 (CI 2.5–6.7); p <0.001] or respiratory [HR=4.0 (CI 2.0–8.1); p =0.010] diseases were at significantly higher risk for mortality among the positive patients. There were no significant differences in mortality rates or ICU admissions among males and females, and across different age groups, BMIs and nationalities. Hospitalized patients with cardiovascular comorbidity had the highest risk of death (HR=2.9, CI 1.7–5.0; p =0.020). Conclusion Independent risk factors for critical outcomes among COVID-19 in KSA include cardiovascular, respiratory and renal comorbidities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comorbidities and Risk Factors for Severe Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Shaikh¹,

Aldhafferi²,

Buker³

et al. 2021

JMDH

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“…However, the exact underlying mechanism is unknown. Overall, testosterone levels may affect COVID-19 progression and severity through its potential role in the regulation of the immune system or its effect on viral entry and fusion [ 48 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Sex Hormones in Relation to SARS-CoV-2 Infection

et al. 2021

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Aim: Sex differences in COVID-19 outcomes might be explained from a sex hormones (SexHs) perspective. Materials & methods: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE and Google Scholar were searched up to March 2021. Results: Based on the literature review, the crosstalk between SexHs (estrogens, progesterone and testosterone), their receptors (estrogen α and β, androgen, and progesterone) and the immune system shaped the sex-related differences in immune responses against COVID-19. Differential production of SexHs over the lifespan (during pregnancy, reproductive years, menopause and andropause) and over different seasons may result in disparities in body response toward COVID-19. Moreover, SexHs-specific differences might affect vaccine efficacy and response to treatment. Conclusion: The roles of SexHs need to be considered in vaccine development and even treatment of COVID-19.

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“…Neste estudo, houve uma predominância de caso da COVID-19 no sexo masculino com 54 (10,7%) em comparação com os 33 (6,6%) restantes do sexo feminino, os dados estão de acordo com estudos recentes [9], e em contraste com alguns outros estudos que mostraram que as mulheres eram predominantemente infectadas por SARS-CoV-2 [10,13]. A alta susceptibilidade entre os homens no Município de Metangula pode estar relacionados ao facto de que os homens terem a obrigação de sustentar suas famílias, portanto constituíam a maioria da população ativa em empregos, como pesca, comércio, construção, logística, e outros serviços essenciais durante o surto da COVID-19, o que aumentou seus contactos e interacções na sociedade.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Comorbidades E Co-Infecção Como Fatores De Risco Associados Ao Agravamento De Infecção Pela Covid-19 Em Pacientes Atendidos No Centro De Saúde De Metangula, No Norte De Moçambique

Samuel¹,

Monjane²

2021

RECISATEC

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Objectivo: O presente estudo pretende avaliar os fatores de risco preexistentes associados ao agravamento de infecção pela COVID-19 em pacientes atendidos no Centro de Saúde de Metangula. Método: Estudo transversal e retrospectivo realizado a partir de dados secundários extraídos do boletim epidemiológico do Centro de Saúde de Metangula num período de 01 (um) ano. Foram obtidos os dados demográficos, condição clinica e resultado laboratorial da COVID-19. Os dados foram analisados e apresentados em forma de gráficos e tabela com números absolutos e relativos. Resultados: Os dados revelaram que ocorreram incidências de infecção por COVID-19 em todas as faixas etárias, com predominância na faixa etária de 30-39 anos e predominância de caso de COVID-19 nos homens em comparação com mulheres. As comorbidades como diabetes mellitus, doenças respiratórias crónicas e os pacientes infectados com vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV), foram fatores de alto risco para o agravamento de infecção por COVID-19 entre os pacientes atendidos no Centro de Saúde de Metangula. Conclusão: Este estudo pode facilitar os prestadores de cuidados de saúde na identificação de pacientes com fatores de risco e, consequentemente, a diminuição no número de casos e de óbitos por essa doença. Os achados serão úteis para os tomadores de decisão na implementação de protocolos de manejos de pacientes com complicação gerados por determinada comorbidade e co-infecção aquando da sua associação à infecção por coronavírus.

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Testosterone's Role in COVID-19

Cited by 30 publications

References 58 publications

Comorbidities and Risk Factors for Severe Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Comorbidities and Risk Factors for Severe Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Cohort Study

An Overview of Sex Hormones in Relation to SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Comorbidades E Co-Infecção Como Fatores De Risco Associados Ao Agravamento De Infecção Pela Covid-19 Em Pacientes Atendidos No Centro De Saúde De Metangula, No Norte De Moçambique

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