Testosterone and Tendency to Engage in Self-Employment

Nicolaou, Nicos; Patel, Pankaj C.; Wolfe, Marcus T.

doi:10.1287/mnsc.2016.2664

Cited by 48 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…Specifically, research on the biological or physiological factors that augment or dampen entrepreneurial motivation is largely absent. This is a noteworthy oversight as sleep (Murnieks et al, in press; Barnes, ; Barnes, Miller, & Bostock, ; Gunia, ), testosterone (Nicolaou, Patel, & Wolfe, ), and cortisol levels (Liu‐Qin, Bauer, Johnson, Groer, & Salomon, ; Sherman, Lemer, Josephs, Renshon, & Gross, ) represent factors that may explain meaningful variance in entrepreneurial motivation and draw increasing interest in the OB literature but are understudied in entrepreneurship. More theory and measurement of these individual variables could expand our understanding of the role of physiology in entrepreneurial motivation and also contribute to the OB literature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entrepreneurial motivation: A review of the literature and an agenda for future research

Murnieks

Klotz

Shepherd³

2019

J Organ Behavior

207

164

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Summary Given the substantial impact that new ventures have on the global economy, understanding what motivates entrepreneurs is of both practical and theoretical importance. Although research on the nature, causes, and consequences of entrepreneurial motivation has grown rapidly, it has evolved in distinct theoretical silos that tend to isolate motives based on the phase of business development (e.g., initiation, growth, and exit) rather than acknowledge that individuals often traverse all these phases and experience multiple types of motivation throughout their entrepreneurial journey. To advance the study of motivation in the fields of entrepreneurship and organizational behavior and provide a means through which these advancements can contribute to our understanding of how motivation drives the start‐up, growth, and exiting of businesses, we organize and review the extant literature on entrepreneurial motives based on the phases of the new venture process. In doing so, this article develops a roadmap of the current state of entrepreneurial motivation research and its nomological network and provides suggestions to guide future research in extending our understanding of motivation in the entrepreneurship domain as well as in traditional organizational settings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entrepreneurial motivation: A review of the literature and an agenda for future research

Murnieks

Klotz

Shepherd³

2019

J Organ Behavior

207

164

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“…Some have also found that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the associated genes are linked to being an entrepreneur (Mannuzza et al 1993;Nicolaou et al 2011) while others have focused especially on the testosterone levels of individuals and entrepreneurship (e.g. Nicolaou et al 2018;Greene et al 2014;White et al 2006). This strain of literature emphasizes (directly or indirectly) that the entrepreneurial tendency is therefore largely heritable and by nature fixed.…”

Section: The Whole Worldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entrepreneurship, culture, and the epigenetic revolution: a research note

Ács

Lappi

2019

Small Bus Econ

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We show how the type of alcohol consumed is related to the type of entrepreneurship present for economies in Europe. We differentiate between beer-, wine-, and spirit-drinking countries and distinguish between productive, unproductive, and destructive entrepreneurship. The underlying links do not emerge from drinking per se but rather the drinking habits and taste for beverage types capture deep cultural features and cultural similarities amongst the countries. Societies that prefer to drink beer are closer to each other culturally than those which prefer drinking wine or spirits. Therefore, the taste for alcohol type is merely an instrument in explaining cultural and institutional differences across entrepreneurship. Broadly speaking, beer-drinking countries are characterized by higher shares of productive entrepreneurship, wine-drinking countries with unproductive entrepreneurship, and spirit-drinking countries with destructive entrepreneurship. We discuss mechanisms in which the results are found and highlight a new research agenda, emphasizing the potential role of epigenetics.

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“…The evidence is not conclusive, though. A more robust finding is that individuals with high testosterone levels have a higher probability to be self-employed (Greene et al, 2014;Nicolaou et al, 2017;Sapienza et al, 2009).…”

Section: Existing Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

In and out of unemployment - labour market dynamics and the role of testosterone

Kanabar¹,

Plum²,

Schmied

2020

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Biological processes have provided new insights into diverging labour market trajectories. In this paper, we use population variation in testosterone levels to explain transition probabilities into and out of unemployment. We follow individual employment histories for 1,771 initially employed and 109 initially unemployed British men from the UK Household Longitudinal Study ("Understanding Society") between 2009 and 2015. To account for unobserved heterogeneity, we apply dynamic random effect models. We find that individuals with high testosterone levels are more likely to become unemployed, but they are also more likely to exit unemployment. Based on previous studies and descriptive evidence, we argue that these effects are likely driven by personality traits and occupational sorting of men with high testosterone levels. Our findings suggest that latent biological processes can affect job search behaviour and labour market outcomes, without necessarily relating to illness and disability.

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Testosterone and Tendency to Engage in Self-Employment

Cited by 48 publications

References 102 publications

Entrepreneurial motivation: A review of the literature and an agenda for future research

Entrepreneurial motivation: A review of the literature and an agenda for future research

Entrepreneurship, culture, and the epigenetic revolution: a research note

In and out of unemployment - labour market dynamics and the role of testosterone

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