Testis Rigidity Tester: A prototype device for intraoperative detection of changes in testicular pressure and/or elasticity. First experimental experiences

Mirilas, Petros; Kontis, Elissaios; Mentessidou, Anastasia; Myrillas, Konstantinos; Ginis, Harilaos

doi:10.1016/j.jpurol.2009.08.012

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Abnormal testicular consistency in undescended testes is thought to be caused by histological changes (e.g. reduction in number of cells or seminiferous tubules and subsequent loss of testicular mass) (Mirilas et al ., ). In our study we more often found abnormal testicular consistency in congenital UDT in comparison with congenital CNDT and in UDT and CNDT in comparison with controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Scrotal ultrasound findings in previously congenital and acquired unilateral undescended testes and their contralateral normally descended testis

et al. 2015

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SUMMARYThe aim of this study was to report on different anomalies found by physical examination and scrotal ultrasound in men with previously unilateral congenital undescended testes (UDT; N = 50), acquired UDT (N = 49), their contralateral normally descended testis (CNDT) and control testes (N = 53). Acquired UDT significantly more often had a testicular volume being <15 mL than congenital UDT (88% vs. 68%). In the congenital group, significant differences were found between UDT and CNDT for soft consistency (UDT 36% vs. CNDT 14%), epididymal diameter (UDT 7.6 mm vs. CNDT 8.9 mm), testicular volume (UDT 9.8 mL vs. CNDT 13.8 mL), and inhomogeneous parenchyma (UDT 38% vs. CNDT 14%). In the acquired group, significant differences were found between UDT and CNDT for epididymal diameter (UDT 7.5 mm vs. CNDT 8 mm), testicular volume (UDT 9.3 mL vs. CNDT 14.1 mL), testicular volume <15 mL (UDT 88% vs. CNDT 59%), and inhomogeneous parenchyma (UDT 27% vs. CNDT 6%). The following parameters of congenital UDT, acquired UDT, congenital CNDT, and/or acquired CNDT significantly differed compared with controls: soft testicular consistency (congenital UDT 36%, acquired UDT 20%, congenital CNDT 14%, acquired CNDT 12% vs. controls 0%), epididymal diameter (congenital UDT 7.6 mm, acquired UDT 7.5 mm, acquired CNDT 8 mm vs. controls 9.2 mm), testicular volume (congenital UDT 9.8 mL, acquired UDT 9.3 mL, congenital CNDT 13.8 mL, acquired CNDT 14.1 mL vs. control testes 15.8 mL), testicular volume <15 mL (congenital UDT 68%, acquired UDT 88%, congenital CNDT 66% vs. controls 43%), inhomogeneous parenchyma (congenital UDT 38%, acquired UDT 27%, congenital CNDT 14% vs. controls 0%), and testicular microlithiasis (congenital CNDT 24% vs. control testes 8%). Few differences between congenital and acquired unilateral UDT and congenital and acquired CNDT support the hypothesis of a spectrum of maldescended testes containing congenital and acquired UDT instead of them being two different entities. The CNDT also has anomalies albeit less severe than the UDT, indicating that in unilateral UDT both testes are affected.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Scrotal ultrasound findings in previously congenital and acquired unilateral undescended testes and their contralateral normally descended testis

et al. 2015

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“…Testing the phantoms at first with a single sensor (of sensitivity similar to that of microsensors used afterwards) connected to a multimeter and without using the complete ETRT system, assured the function of the tactile sensor in the framework of quantification of pressure alterations. Use of the sensor with a 3  4 array of microsensors (of proper sensitivity, known by development of a similar mechanical device [9]) connected to the electronic ETRT system elaborated here, succeeded in showing the altered rigidity in a large phantom mimicking the human testis (protate spheroid shape). Finally, the ETRT system accomplished the aim of discriminating between the four phantom balls of proven different elasticity and exceeded the discrimination of an examiner's palpation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The selection of microsensors of proper sensitivity was based on measurements obtained by the mechanical TRT that we previously developed [9] and is therefore justified. The density of microsensors on the sensor board was in part constrained by cost factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The resistance of the microsensors alters in a linear way in response to the force applied perpendicularly on the sensing area [10]. Experience with the mechanical TRT that we developed previously [9] guided the choice of microsensors. The TRT measured force resisting a given deformation of the testis ranging between 0 and 133 mNt.…”

Section: Tactile Sensor and Microsensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to obtain an objective testis evaluation in cryptorchidism or torsion, we have previously developed a mechanical Testis Rigidity Tester (TRT), which measures the force (mNt) resisting a given deformation of the testis [9]. However, TRT usage has been quite difficult and time consuming, and results are expressed as a single value.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Initial Development of an Electronic Testis Rigidity Tester

Mirilas

Tsakiridis²

2011

The Scientific World JOURNAL

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We aimed to develop our previously presented mechanical device, the Testis Rigidity Tester (TRT), into an electronic system (Electronic Testis Rigidity Tester, ETRT) by applying tactile imaging, which has been used successfully with other solid organs. A measuring device, located at the front end of the ETRT incorporates a tactile sensor comprising an array of microsensors. By application of a predetermined deformation of 2 mm, increased pressure alters linearly the resistance of each microsensor, producing changes of voltage. These signals were amplified, filtered, and digitized, and then processed by an electronic collector system, which presented them as a color-filled contour plot of the area of the testis coming into contact with the sensor. Testis models of different rigidity served for initial evaluation of ETRT; their evacuated central spaces contained different, increasing glue masses. An independent method of rigidity measurement, using an electric weight scale and a micrometer, showed that the more the glue injected, the greater the force needed for a 2-mm deformation. In a preliminary test, a single sensor connected to a multimeter showed similar force measurement for the same deformation in these phantoms. For each of the testis models compressed in the same manner, the ETRT system offered a map of pressures, represented by a color scale within the contour plot of the contact area with the sensor. ETRT found certain differences in rigidity between models that had escaped detection by a blind observer. ETRT is easy to use and provides a color-coded “insight“ of the testis internal structure. After experimental testing, it could be valuable in intraoperative evaluation of testes, so that the surgeon can decide about orchectomy or orcheopexy.

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Oxidative Stress and Testicular Torsion

Dökmeci

2012

Studies on Men's Health and Fertility

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Testis Rigidity Tester: A prototype device for intraoperative detection of changes in testicular pressure and/or elasticity. First experimental experiences

Cited by 7 publications

References 18 publications

Scrotal ultrasound findings in previously congenital and acquired unilateral undescended testes and their contralateral normally descended testis

Scrotal ultrasound findings in previously congenital and acquired unilateral undescended testes and their contralateral normally descended testis

Initial Development of an Electronic Testis Rigidity Tester

Oxidative Stress and Testicular Torsion

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