Testing the deformation behaviour of polymer foams

Ramsteiner, F.; Fell, Nicholas F.; Förster, Stephan

doi:10.1016/s0142-9418(00)00090-8

Cited by 64 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…The heterogeneous cellular morphology leads to a nonuniform deformation in polymeric foams that renders the mechanical characterization challenging. Ramsteiner and his co-workers presented a seminal work to successfully characterize the nonuniform and sequential deformation of closed-cell polystyrene and open-cell melamine foams under compression [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Compressive Behavior of Linear and Cross-linked Poly(vinyl chloride) Foams

Lim

Altstädt

Ramsteiner³

2009

Journal of Cellular Plastics

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The work reported in this article was initiated by the IUPAC Subcommittee 'Structure and Properties of Commercial Polymers' to study the 'Structure and properties of linear and cross-linked structural poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) foams', and intends in particular to give a good understanding of the compressive response of these PVC foams with various foam densities. From a careful review of chemical reactions of polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate [a mixture of 4,4 0 -methylene-bis(phenyl-isocyanate) and oligomeric isocyanates] with water or phthalic acid, it is known from the material supplier that a semi-interpenetrating polymer network of polyureas and/or polyamides is formed by cross-linking. The amide groups in these polymers are hydrophilic and can affect the overall mechanical response of PVC foams, especially under water. Scanning electron microscopy is used to study the morphology of linear and cross-linked foams and their heterogeneous foam deformation. Compression testing of these PVC foams is conducted in air and water, and illustrates the influence of foam density and cross-linking. Correlation of compressive testing of foams with the corresponding cross-linked PVC bulk materials suggests that elastic collapse of cells during compression may be linked to strain-softening of the corresponding bulk material. Finally, new predictive models are adopted Downloaded from for the PVC foams to give reasonable estimates of their compressive modulus and yield strength.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Compressive Behavior of Linear and Cross-linked Poly(vinyl chloride) Foams

Lim

Altstädt

Ramsteiner³

2009

Journal of Cellular Plastics

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“…However, the necessary information on viscoelastic shear behaviour at varying compression levels is not present in the literature. The monoaxial compressional behaviour of polyurethane (PU) and melamine resin-based open-cell foams focused here has been already investigated [13][14][15], however information regarding the viscoelastic shear material properties at different compression levels could not be found. Therefore, the compression dependent dynamic shear behaviour of the flexible open-cell polyurethane foam Confor TM M CF-40 (Co. Aearo Technologies LLC) was determined experimentally and extended to a broad frequency range using time-temperature superposition (TTS) in order to create a basis for the design and calculation of structures with compressible viscoelastic damping layers.…”

Section: Materials Characterisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical investigations of polymer‐based fibre‐reinforced structures with fluidically actuated Compressible Constrained Layer Damping

Holeczek

Koschichow

Schlieter

et al. 2018

Proc Appl Math and Mech

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Lightweight-focused design often leads to a problematic vibration susceptibility of designed components. To reduce potential environmental and health risks, excessive vibrations have to be mitigated preferably through lightweight-compatible solutions. The presented studies aim at the establishment of almost weight-neutral solutions for adaptive tuning of the dynamic behaviour of lightweight components. The proposed unique actuating principle is based on structural cavities generating evanescent deformations when supplied with fluidic medium. These cavities encapsulate compressible, viscoelastic elements which are combined with the surrounding layers and operate according to an extended principle of Constrained Layer Damping. The evanescent morphing is used to deliberately alter the geometrical and material properties of the viscoelastic elements through their compression in order to achieve a damping and stiffness capacity adaptation. The analysed Compressible Constrained Layer Damping (CCLD) object is configured as a three layered beam consisting of the load-bearing structure as well as constraining layer and compressible viscoelastic layer. The main studies were conducted using a developed finite-element model. Herein, the geometrical, material and load property range has been parametrised so that generalised conclusions about the CCLD dynamic behaviour could be drawn. The deformation kinematics of the CCLD under combined loads resulting from static tension and flexural vibrations has been analysed. Furthermore, the assessment of the dynamic behaviour adaptation potential for different compressible viscoelastic materials was carried out. The goal of this study was on the one hand to determine a feasible initial configuration of the CCLD for its successful application and on the other hand the assessment of its damping efficiency.

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“…This requires, however, in addition to appropriate modelling, sufficient material data, in particular regarding shear behaviour under compression. The monoaxial compressional behaviour of polymer-based open-cell foams has been already investigated [29][30][31]. The shear behaviour of open cell foams has so far only been investigated by Reference [32] but without precompression of the foams.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Behaviour Adaptation of Lightweight Structures by Compressible Constrained Layer Damping with Embedded Polymeric Foams and Nonwovens

et al. 2019

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Evanescent morphing in combination with an original concept of Compressible Constrained Layer Damping (CCLD) is a novel and promising approach for dynamic behaviour adaptation. The crucial component of the CCLD is a compressible intermediate layer with its thickness and material properties controlled by fluid actuation, enabling the adjustment of the damping and stiffness of the overall system. To estimate the potential of the CCLD, an analytical model was developed which describes the vibration behaviour of the overall structure, taking into account the compression-driven properties of the intermediate layer. The results confirm the principal correctness of the initial theoretical assumptions regarding the adaptive dynamic behaviour of structures with CCLD treatment. A significant vibration mitigation as well as a high adaptability of dynamic behaviour were observed, however, they show a complex dependence on the system configuration. Nevertheless, the developed analytical modelling approach can already be used for a preliminary system design. Besides the analysed polymer-based foams as the intermediate layer, nonwovens also exhibit compression-dependent shear properties and can therefore be used in CCLD. First preliminary investigations show that the damping performance is on average about ten times better than that of the polymeric foams.

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Testing the deformation behaviour of polymer foams

Cited by 64 publications

References 0 publications

Understanding the Compressive Behavior of Linear and Cross-linked Poly(vinyl chloride) Foams

Understanding the Compressive Behavior of Linear and Cross-linked Poly(vinyl chloride) Foams

Numerical investigations of polymer‐based fibre‐reinforced structures with fluidically actuated Compressible Constrained Layer Damping

Dynamic Behaviour Adaptation of Lightweight Structures by Compressible Constrained Layer Damping with Embedded Polymeric Foams and Nonwovens

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