Testing Procedure for Fatigue Characterization of Steel-CFRP Hybrid Laminate Considering Material Dependent Self-Heating

Mrzljak, Selim; Schmidt, S.; Kohl, Andreas; Hülsbusch, Daniel; Hausmann, Joachim; Walther, Frank

doi:10.3390/ma14123394

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…A possible reason for this debonding could be residual stresses caused by different thermal expansion coefficients of the three single materials. Such effects are described in [23]. This would not necessarily affect the overall performance of the hybrid too much due to the geometrical interlocking of the inlay and it would explain the absence of the abrupt damage events.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…D. Mrzljak et al [23] developed a fatigue testing procedure for steel-CFRP hybrids with a special look at self-healing effects. They furthermore used simulations to investigate the influence of thermal residual stress (TRS) due to elevated temperatures and stated that an influence of the TRS cannot be neglected.…”

Section: Mechanical Behaviour At Elevated Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical Behaviour of a Metal-CFRP-Hybrid Structure and Its Components under Quasi-Static and Dynamic Load at Elevated Temperature

2022

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Hybrid materials containing a light metal and CFRP are capable to make a relevant contribution in lightweight design and thereby in reducing greenhouse gases causing global warming. An aluminium CFRP-hybrid specimen with a thermoplastic interlayer that is suitable for application for the A-, B-, or C-pillar in a car is investigated in this work regarding the mechanical behaviour due to temperature variation. For this purpose, quasi-static as well as dynamic tensile tests are carried out not only for those hybrid specimens but also for their respective single-material components. Those are supported by various non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques such as thermography and CT-scans of X-ray tomography. The examination of the single materials as well as the hybrid specimens gives us the possibility to understand if a change in the damage process of the hybrid is caused by one of the single materials or the interaction of them. The use of the NDT techniques in combination with the mechanical experiments allows us to obtain a deeper look at the mechanisms causing the respective damage. It stands out that temperature changes affect the damage mechanisms in the hybrid significantly without having great influence on the single materials. In quasistatic testing, the maximum displacement of the hybrid specimens rises at elevated temperature, and in dynamic testing the initial stiffness and the sustained cycles decline significantly. It therefore can be concluded that the interfaces inside the hybrids are affected by temperature changes and play a major role concerning the damage mechanisms. The pure knowledge about the temperature behaviour of single materials is not sufficient for anticipating the behaviour of hybrid specimens under these restrictions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Mechanical Behaviour At Elevated Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Behaviour of a Metal-CFRP-Hybrid Structure and Its Components under Quasi-Static and Dynamic Load at Elevated Temperature

2022

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“…The strain distribution obtained was compared with the FEM results. Other articles used the DIC method to validate numerical results [100]. Acoustic emission can be treated as a tool to analyse the damage mode under load.…”

Section: Other Aspects Of Numerical Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Finite-Element Simulation of Fibre Metal Laminates

Smolnicki

Lesiuk

Duda

et al. 2022

Arch Computat Methods Eng

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Fibre metal laminates (FML) are layered materials consisting of both metal and reinforced composite layers. Due to numerous possibilities of configuration, constituent materials, etc., designing and testing such materials can be time- and cost-consuming. In addition to that, some parameters cannot be obtained directly from the experiment campaign. These problems are often overcome by using numerical simulation. In this article, the authors reviewed different approaches to finite element analysis of fibre metal laminates based on published articles and their own experiences. Many aspects of numerical modelling of FMLs can be similar to approaches used for classic laminates. However, in the case of fibre metal laminates, the interface between the metal and the composite layer is very relevant both in experimental and numerical regard. Approaches to modelling this interface have been widely discussed. Numerical simulations of FMLs are often complementary to experimental campaigns, so an experimental background is presented. Then, the software used in numerical analysis is discussed. In the next two chapters, both static and fatigue failure modelling are discussed including several key aspects like dimensionality of the model, approaches to the material model of constituents and holistic view of the material, level of homogenization, type of used finite elements, use of symmetry, and more. The static failure criteria used for both fibres and matrix are discussed along with different damage models for metal layers. In the chapter dedicated to adhesive interface composite—metal, different modelling strategies are discussed including cohesive element, cohesive surfaces, contact with damage formulation and usage of eXtended Finite Element Method. Also, different ways to assess the failure of this layer are described with particular attention to the Cohesive Zone Model with defined Traction–Separation Law. Furthermore, issues related to mixed-mode loading are presented. In the next chapter other aspects of numerical modelling are described like mesh sensitivity, friction, boundary conditions, steering, user-defined materials, and validation. The authors in this article try to evaluate the quality of the different approaches described based on literature review and own research.

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“…In particular, fiber metal laminates (FMLs, composed of aluminum sheets on the outside and fiber-reinforced composites on the inside) have been studied because these offer improved chemical resistance, flame resistance, specific strength, etc. [ 3 , 4 ]. Recently, it has become important to manufacture eco-friendly products following stringent environmental regulations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study on a Microwave Composite Forming Process Based on a SiC Mold for Manufacturing Fiber Metal Laminate

et al. 2021

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The microwave composite forming (MCF) process can reduce manufacturing cost because the process time is reduced by the dielectric heating of the mold and the composite material. In a previous study, the MCF process using a commercial microwave oven with a polytetrafluoroethylene mold was applied. Disadvantages of the previous MCF process have been investigated. These included the difference in tensile properties according to the cutting location, absence of a method to measure temperature during the MCF process, and the fact that the input power cannot be controlled according to the temperature. To solve these problems, a microwave oven with a silicon carbide mold was proposed in this study. Uniaxial tensile tests were conducted to obtain the tensile properties of the fiber metal laminate (FML) specimen. In addition, a microscopic image was captured to investigate the non-adhesive area. The tensile properties and thickness distribution of the FML specimens manufactured by the proposed and previous MCF processes were compared according to the cutting location of the FML sheets. Furthermore, the non-adhesive area was quantified to compare the processes. The results revealed that the proposed MCF process improved the tensile properties of the FML specimen and reduced the non-adhesive area.

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Testing Procedure for Fatigue Characterization of Steel-CFRP Hybrid Laminate Considering Material Dependent Self-Heating

Cited by 9 publications

References 25 publications

Mechanical Behaviour of a Metal-CFRP-Hybrid Structure and Its Components under Quasi-Static and Dynamic Load at Elevated Temperature

Mechanical Behaviour of a Metal-CFRP-Hybrid Structure and Its Components under Quasi-Static and Dynamic Load at Elevated Temperature

A Review on Finite-Element Simulation of Fibre Metal Laminates

Experimental Study on a Microwave Composite Forming Process Based on a SiC Mold for Manufacturing Fiber Metal Laminate

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