Testing of starch-based carbohydrate polymer coatings for enhanced urea performance

Naz, Muhammad Yasin; Sulaiman, Shaharin Anwar

doi:10.1007/s11998-014-9590-y

Cited by 47 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…[32] The highest value of surface hardness was achieved with the highest atomizing pressure combined with a medium spray rate. Figure 10b shows that the highest atomizing pressure and spray temperature yielded the highest degree of surface hardness, which concurred with findings reported by Naz et al [9] and Hede et al [47] Naz et al reported that the surface hardness of controlled-release urea granules significantly increased with increased spray temperature, likely due to reduced porosity. [9] Hede et al [47] suggested that the impact strength of particles increases with increased atomizing pressure and bed temperature.…”

Section: St-pcu Surface Hardnesssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The response surface model's diminished slope contours also projected combined effects for coating time and spray temperature ( Figure 3d). In this predictive scheme, spray temperature carried a Naz and Sulaiman [9] Starch/urea/borate Water 0.055 Tomaszewska and Jarosiewicz [26] Starch/ polysulphone Water 5…”

Section: Release Performance Of St-pcu and Characteristics Of Nitrogementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, modified starch‐based biopolymers have been studied as potential candidates for CRU production. Naz et al used borax‐modified tapioca starch to coat urea in an in‐house built, customized fluidized bed . Another study modified Cassava starch with natural rubber to produce CRU via dip coating .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Naz et al used boraxmodified tapioca starch to coat urea in an in-house built, customized fluidized bed. [9] Another study modified Cassava starch with natural rubber to produce CRU via dip coating. [10] Anggoro et al used acrylic-acid-modified starch to produce CRU in a fluidized bed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutrient release characteristics and coating homogeneity of biopolymer coated urea as a function of fluidized bed process variables

et al. 2016

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The present study investigates the effect of fluid‐bed process parameters on the diffusion coefficient of nitrogen release and coating homogeneity of controlled‐release urea (CRU) produced in a rotary fluidized bed using polyvinyl‐alcohol‐modified starch as a coating material. An existing mathematical model was used to estimate the diffusion coefficient. The coefficient of variance of size distribution and coating mass variation are reported as a measure of coating homogeneity. Statistical analysis suggested that the most influential process variables that govern urea release characteristics and coating homogeneity were (a) fluidizing gas temperature and (b) coating time. A moderate spray rate combined with longer coating time yielded the lowest diffusion coefficient for nutrient release. Elutriation as the result of elevated fluidizing gas temperature allowed a higher diffusion coefficient due to lower coating thickness. Burst release patterns were observed for granules with coating imperfections. The augmented temperature of fluidizing gas had a negative effect on coating mass and size distribution of CRU granules but the influence of longer coating time was positive.

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Section: St-pcu Surface Hardnesssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Release Performance Of St-pcu and Characteristics Of Nitrogementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutrient release characteristics and coating homogeneity of biopolymer coated urea as a function of fluidized bed process variables

et al. 2016

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“…8,9 Consequently, the technology of coating the urea fertilizer granules for managing the nutrients release has greatly attracted the scientific community. 10 Initially, sulfur was the most frequently used as urea coating material. So far, various synthetic polymers such as polyethylene, polystyrene, and polyesters were applied due to their apparent benefit over natural polymers such as set-to-set consistency, foreseeable physic-chemical properties, and tailor-made character.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urea fertilizer coated with biodegradable polymers and diatomite for slow release and water retention

Mukerabigwi

Wang

et al. 2015

J Coat Technol Res

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Slow release fertilizers (SRFs) are of vital importance to improve agricultural efficiency. However, their use is still limited due to their relatively high costs. Additionally, most of coating materials used to produce SRFs are nonbiodegradable and toxic to the soil. In this context, we utilized various biopolymers such as tamarind, xanthan, and guar gums together with diatomite to coat urea fertilizer granules. In this study, tamarind-urea-diatomite (TUD), guar-urea-diatomite (GUD), and xanthan-urea-diatomite (XUD) SRF granules were prepared in the presence of epichlorohydrin as crosslinker. The nutrients slow release behavior and the water retention capacity of these SRFs in soil were determined. The water absorbency of the product was 89% TUD, 93% GUD, and 142% XUD of its own weight when it was allowed to swell in tap water at room temperature for 2 h. Poly(methacrylic acid) was applied as the outermost layer of XUD to improve the nitrogen slow release efficiency of XUD SRFs. The results showed that the product had an excellent nutrients slow release property of 79.5% and good water retention capacity of 62.9% after 28 days. This suggested that XUDM could effectively improve the utilization of fertilizer. Furthermore, being biodegradable and low cost could be beneficial in agricultural and horticultural applications.

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Novel water‐soluble polymer coatings controlNPKrelease rate, improve soil quality and maize productivity

Akhter

Shah

Niazi

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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We investigated different combinations of polymers (5% each) (i) starch, gelatin (polymer coating; PC-1), (ii) polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), gum Arabica (PC-2), (iii) PVA, gelatin (PC-3), (iv) starch, gum Arabica (PC-4), (v) gelatin, gum Arabica (PC-5), (vi) starch, PVA (PC-6), for coating NPK (17, 17:17) in a fluidized bed granulator. Morphological characterization indicated a uniform coating of all formulations on NPK granules. A slow release of N (PC-3), P (PC-6), and K (PC-3) was observed in water. In soil, high mineral N (63%), plantavailable P (72%), and K (24%) were observed in PC-3, PC-5, and PC-6, respectively than uncoated fertilizer. Microbial biomass NPK was also higher in these treatment. This resulted in higher maize yield (66%), N (114%), P (164%), and K (137%) uptakes and apparent N (267%), P (196%), and K (358%) recoveries from applied fertilizer in these treatments. Among these, PC-3 resulted in an increase of 115% shoot N, 169% P and 138% K uptakes and 268% apparent N, 206% P and 361% K recoveries than uncoated fertilizer. Hence, coating of NPK with this biodegradable polymer combination controlled N, P, and K release and synchronized these nutrients availabilities with maize nutrients demand therefore resulted in higher maize crop yield and nutrient utilization efficiencies.

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Testing of starch-based carbohydrate polymer coatings for enhanced urea performance

Cited by 47 publications

References 29 publications

Nutrient release characteristics and coating homogeneity of biopolymer coated urea as a function of fluidized bed process variables

Nutrient release characteristics and coating homogeneity of biopolymer coated urea as a function of fluidized bed process variables

Urea fertilizer coated with biodegradable polymers and diatomite for slow release and water retention

Novel water‐soluble polymer coatings controlNPKrelease rate, improve soil quality and maize productivity

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