Testicular Microlithiasis: Is It a Benign Condition with Malignant Potential?

Otite, U.; Webb, Judith A. W.; Oliver, R T; Badenoch, D. F.; Nargund, Vinod

doi:10.1159/000049832

Cited by 65 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Since there are no prospective studies with long-term follow-up of an adequately sized cohort, the potential of malignancy risk in adults and children with TM is not known. In adults with TM, there are some random case reports and studies in which testicular malignancy was detected during follow-up [32]. Testicular tumor has not been detected during the follow-up of pediatric patient groups with TM; however, these cohorts consisted of small numbers of patients with varying periods of follow-up [6,8,33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Testicular Microlithiasis in Males with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia and Its Association with Testicular Adrenal Rest Tumors

et al. 2010

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Background: Testicular microlithiasis (TM) is characterized by calcium deposits within the seminiferous tubules and is associated with benign and malign conditions. Aim: To determine TM prevalence in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and its association with testicular adrenal rest tumors (TART). Patients and Methods: Scrotal ultrasound using a high-frequency linear transducer (12 MHz) was performed in 41 patients aged 12.1 ± 4.7 (range 3.5–23.3) years and 49 healthy similarly aged controls. TM was classified with respect to the number of microliths per ultrasound field as limited (LTM, <5 microliths) and classic (CTM, ≧ 5 microliths). CTM was graded as grade 1 (5–10 microliths), grade 2 (11–20 microliths), and grade 3 (>20 microliths). Results: TM was detected bilaterally in 9 (21.9%) patients and 2 (4.1%) control cases (1 bilateral, 1 unilateral). Four patients had LTM, one evaluated as grade 1, one as grade 2, and three as grade 3. There were 9 patients with TART. Four patients had TM and TART concomitantly. Conclusion: Because TM is frequently found in patients with CAH and may also exist concomitantly with TART, we recommend that these patients be followed annually by testicular ultrasound.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Testicular Microlithiasis in Males with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia and Its Association with Testicular Adrenal Rest Tumors

et al. 2010

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“…The prospective validation of the "malignancy" parameters obtained from the various investigations, defined according to published criteria (3,18,19,29,30), enabled us to draw some conclusions that are useful for the characterization and clinical management of these lesions. In this study, we demonstrated that size, microlithiasis, internal flow, irregular margins, internal calcifications, rapid wash-in, and rapid washout of solid testicular lesions are features of malignancy.…”

Section: (38)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Diagnosis of Nonpalpable Testicular Lesions: Qualitative and Quantitative Contrast-enhanced US of Benign and Malignant Testicular Tumors

Isidori¹,

Pozza

Gianfrilli³

et al. 2014

Radiology

108

140

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).q RSNA, 2014 Purpose:To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of unenhanced and quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (US) in the differential diagnosis of small nonpalpable testicular lesions. Materials andMethods:The local review board approved the protocol, and all patients provided written informed consent. One hundred fifteen patients (median age, 34 years; age range, 14-61 years) with nonpalpable testicular lesions were consecutively enrolled between 2006 and 2012 and underwent unenhanced scrotal US, contrast-enhanced US, surgical enucleation, and at least 18 months of follow-up. Clinical and histologic features were recorded, and qualitative and quantitative analysis of contrast-enhanced US time-intensity curves were performed. Logistic regression analysis was performed to explore features of malignancy. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were developed for cumulative unenhanced and contrast-enhanced US scores. Results:All lesions were 1.5 cm or smaller. Forty-four of the 115 patients (38%) had malignant tumors, 42 had benign tumors (37%), and 29 (25%) had nonneoplastic lesions. Conclusion:Benign testicular tumors are frequent incidental findings. Quantitative scrotal contrast-enhanced US is a noninvasive diagnostic tool that could improve the differential diagnosis and individualized management of small testicular lesions.q RSNA, 2014

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“…In the first study, 63 males were screened with ultrasound and 1 developed a TGCT at 5-year follow-up, 22 and in the other 2 prospective studies, 3 patients developed interval tumours; however, all had co-existing risk factors for TGCT. 6,23 Richenberg and Brejt 16 combined data from their own surveillance programme (in which none developed testicular cancer) with the data from these 8 other prospective studies, producing a total surveillance population of 389 patients with TM, with four developing interval testicular tumours, 3 of whom had coexisting risk factors for testicular cancer. They concluded that the risk of development of testicular cancer in males with TM, but no other risk factors for TGCT, is small and does not justify ultrasound surveillance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testicular microlithiasis an ultrasound dilemma: survey of opinions regarding significance and management amongst UK ultrasound practitioners

Shetty

Bailey²,

Freeman³

2014

BJR

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Testicular Microlithiasis: Is It a Benign Condition with Malignant Potential?

Cited by 65 publications

References 16 publications

Prevalence of Testicular Microlithiasis in Males with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia and Its Association with Testicular Adrenal Rest Tumors

Prevalence of Testicular Microlithiasis in Males with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia and Its Association with Testicular Adrenal Rest Tumors

Differential Diagnosis of Nonpalpable Testicular Lesions: Qualitative and Quantitative Contrast-enhanced US of Benign and Malignant Testicular Tumors

Testicular microlithiasis an ultrasound dilemma: survey of opinions regarding significance and management amongst UK ultrasound practitioners

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