Testicular leydig cell tumor diagnosed on fine needle aspiration

Handa, Uma; Sood, Tanvi; Punia, Rajpal Singh

doi:10.1002/dc.21306

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…Epididymis, cord involvement and vascular invasion is frequent 1. Although FNAC in testicular tumour is feared to be associated with probable scrotal violation,2 FNAC has been explored in the diagnosis of lymphoma, Leydig and Sertoli cell tumours 3 4. Fear of needle trauma and local tumour implantation as well as lack of information on interstitial tissue and tubular basement membrane on FNAC smears are the drawbacks considered with FNAC in testicular tumours 2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma presenting in a young adult

et al. 2015

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SUMMARYWe report a case of a 27-year-old man who presented with a slowly growing left testicular swelling associated with mild pain over a period of 3 months. He was evaluated by his family physician with scrotal ultrasound and testicular tumour markers. He was diagnosed and treated as epididymo-orchitis and managed with antibiotics. When he later presented to us, he had an enlarged left testis with normal spermatic cord. Scrotal Doppler evaluation showed a globally enlarged left testis and epididymis with increased vascularity in the left testis, with the right testis being normal. Testicular tumour markers were normal. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of the left testis was suggestive of lymphoma. Exploration through an inguinal approach was carried out and a Chevassu manoeuvre with frozen section study was performed, which was reported as nonHodgkin's lymphoma. Left radical orchidectomy was performed. Histopathology reported diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, of a germinal centre type. Contrast CT of the abdomen, chest and brain were normal. Sperm cryopreservation was carried out. The patient was started on chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunorubicin, oncovin, prednisone (CHOP) regime. BACKGROUND

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma presenting in a young adult

et al. 2015

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“…The use of fine needle aspiration for diagnosis may be an alternative to more invasive biopsy procedures in the preoperative diagnosis of this rare testicular tumor [14]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leydig cell tumors of the testis: a case report

Gheorghisan-Galateanu

2014

BMC Res Notes

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BackgroundLeydig cell tumors are the most common non-germ cell gonadal tumors with apparent increased incidence in the last few years. They are usually benign tumors. We report a case of Leydig cell tumor of testis in a patient presenting atypical features.Case presentationA 29-year-old Caucasian man, born with right cryptorchidism, corrected without medical treatment before the age of two years, was diagnosed with Leydig cell tumor. Two years after diagnosis was identified moderately elevated estradiol serum level, in the context of a significant overweight, hormonal changes which had maintained after unilateral orchiectomy and after the patient's return to normal weight. Four years after unilateral orchiectomy, elevated value of estradiol persisted and subdiaphragmatic micro lymphadenopathy was observed.ConclusionsDespite the favorable evolution of the patient four years after unilateral orchiectomy, long-term follow-up is necessary to exclude recurrence or metastasis to the testis. The endocrine profile and imaging investigations need to be repeated periodically. The changes in the hormonal assay and any new aspects on computed tomography scan can be used as a marker of tumor recurrence and require careful screening and the correct therapeutic decisions.

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“…It has been reported that Reinke crystals were much better appreciated on air‐dried smears than on fixed smears or tissue sections. In smears, the crystals were numerous and observed both in the cytoplasm and the nucleus of Leydig cells 7,8,15 . Leydig cell tumors can also be diagnosed intraoperatively.…”

Section: Reinke Crystal Visualizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In smears, the crystals were numerous and observed both in the cytoplasm and the nucleus of Leydig cells. 7,8,15 Leydig cell tumors can also be diagnosed intraoperatively.…”

Section: Reinke Crystal Visualizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reinke crystals in cells obtained by scrapes or smears are best visualized without fixation or embedding and with Giemsa staining, while intranuclear crystals were only visualized with that staining method. 7,8,15 Cytologic examination appears to be the most effective way of revealing Reinke crystals. The reason for that could be the disruption of the cell membrane by scraping or imprinting, which allows the crystals to exit the cell.…”

Section: Reinke Crystal Visualizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reinke crystals: Hallmarks of adult Leydig cells in humans

et al. 2022

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Background: Reinke crystals are structures pathognomonic for Leydig cells, which have the important function of testosterone production and are vital for male reproductive health. These crystalline inclusions are thought to be of protein origin; however, the molecular composition has not yet been resolved. Objectives:This review summarizes all available information regarding Reinke crystal's characteristics and aims to produce a comprehensive guide for research on this topic as well as to determine and discuss potential Reinke-protein candidates.Methods: Pubmed was thoroughly searched for all publications regarding Reinke crystals and 137 publications were identified. All publications were surveyed and all relevant information was included in the review.Results: Along with the cytoplasm, structures that resemble Reinke crystals were also observed in the nucleus, suggesting that their formation depends only on protein concentration. Variations in tissue processing protocols could impact Reinke crystal microscopic visualization, which is an important factor in diagnosing Leydig cell disorders such as Leydig cell tumors. Reinke crystals appear to be hallmarks of normally differentiated, adult, Leydig or Leydig-like cells in humans, while some abnormal and nonhuman Leydig cells contain Reinke-like paracrystalline inclusions or crystalloids.Conclusions: These characteristics point to some differentially expressed proteins, which could be involved in Reinke crystal formation. Differential Reinke crystal and paracrystalline inclusion presence could also be due to small changes in protein structure or the cell environment. Further research is needed to solve the ongoing mystery of the Reinke crystal, which would enhance our knowledge of Leydig cell contribution in the pathogenesis of various male reproductive disorders and improve their diagnosis and treatment.

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Testicular leydig cell tumor diagnosed on fine needle aspiration

Cited by 13 publications

References 5 publications

Testicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma presenting in a young adult

Testicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma presenting in a young adult

Leydig cell tumors of the testis: a case report

Reinke crystals: Hallmarks of adult Leydig cells in humans

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