Testicular cancer in Geneva, Switzerland, 1970–2012: incidence trends, survival and risk of second cancer

Abstract

Background This paper describes the testicular cancer trends for incidence, survival, socio-economic status (SES) disparities and second cancer occurrence in Geneva, Switzerland, a high-risk population. Methods We included all testicular germ-cell tumors recorded in the population-based Geneva cancer registry during the period 1970–2012. Changes in incidence trends were assessed using Joinpoint regression to calculate the annual percentage change (APC). Overall and cancer-specific survivals (OS, CSS) were estimated by Kaplan Meyer methods. To evaluate the risk of a second cancer we calculated the Standardized Incidence Ratios (SIR) using the Geneva population incidence rates. Results The average annual testicular cancer rate was 7.32/100 000 men, with a non-significant increasing trend during the study period. The highest rates were observed among men younger than 39 years. Despite a trend toward earlier diagnosis, 14% of patients were diagnosed at a late stage. Patients with non-seminoma tumours and patients with low SES were more often diagnosed with an advanced stage. Both OS and CSS improved during the study period but with strong differences by age, stage, morphology and SES. The risk for developing a second cancer was more than doubled. This risk was particularly high for a contralateral testicular cancer, bladder cancer and pancreatic cancer. Conclusions Overall, there was no substantial increase in the incidence of testicular cancer in Geneva in recent decades, however the prognosis has improved. The high risk of developing a second cancer, the differences in stage at diagnosis and survival by SES, require enhanced awareness and surveillance by clinicians, patients and men in general.

Causes of death after testicular cancer diagnosis: a US population-based analysis

“…In further stratification analysis by different age groups, the older the TC were getting diagnosed, the higher the proportion of death from heart diseases occurred. This finding is in line with the study of Chunkit Fung et al [ 10 ] and they also got a powerful conclusion that increased mortality for heart diseases after chemotherapy was confined to the first year after TC diagnosis and older age at diagnosis was independent risk factors. Besides, in patients diagnosed with TC within 1 years, deaths due to cerebrovascular diseases were associated with significantly higher risks compared with the general population (SMR, 2.73; 95%CI, 1.18–5.37), which was in agreement with the study by Chunkit Fung et al [ 10 ].…”

“…This finding is in line with the study of Chunkit Fung et al [ 10 ] and they also got a powerful conclusion that increased mortality for heart diseases after chemotherapy was confined to the first year after TC diagnosis and older age at diagnosis was independent risk factors. Besides, in patients diagnosed with TC within 1 years, deaths due to cerebrovascular diseases were associated with significantly higher risks compared with the general population (SMR, 2.73; 95%CI, 1.18–5.37), which was in agreement with the study by Chunkit Fung et al [ 10 ]. And they also reported that cerebrovascular disease mortality with significantly elevated risks after chemotherapy but not surgery alone [ 10 ].…”

“…And it has been shown that radiation and chemotherapy for TC patients leads to increased second malignancy and cardiovascular mortality [ 5 – 9 ]. In addition, Fung et al [ 10 ] found increased mortality due to pneumonia and influenza in TC patients compared to the general population. While Fossa et al observed an elevated mortality risk from fibrosis and pneumonia [ 11 ].…”

Smart Intravenous Infusion Dosing System

“…In testicular cancers, which are the most common malignant disease in men between 14-44 years of age [59,60], with a peak incidence at 30-34 years of age [61,62], a sudden increase in the number of patients half a century ago was recorded [63,64], which was equally influenced by hereditary factors and environmental conditions [59]. Developed countries such as New Zealand [65], Norway [66], Canada [67], Denmark [68], Great Britain [69], Israel [70], Czech Republic [71], Australia [72], Croatia [73], the USA [74], France [62], Germany [75], and Switzerland [76], saw a significant increase in testicular cancer. According to [77,78], this type of cancer affects the populations of Europe and Australia the most, and Asia and Africa the least.…”

Parental occupational exposures in wood-related jobs and risk of testicular germ cell tumours in offspring in NORD-TEST a registry-based case–control study in Finland, Norway, and Sweden

“…There are two main types of TGCT: seminoma and non-seminoma, where the non-seminoma tumours are identified according to what type of cells they are made of. With effective treatment, the overall five-year survival rate is 97% (Baird et al 2018 ), although the treatment can cause impairment of spermatogenesis and also lead to secondary cancers (Parekh et al 2020 ; Schaffar et al 2019 ).…”