Aiming at the problem of increasing packet loss rate and decreasing throughput caused by the characteristics of high data burst and high channel error rate in the AOS space communication system, this paper considers the factors of queue packet loss and transmission error packet loss and proposes an adaptive modulation coding method based on minimum packet loss rate in the AOS communication system. Firstly, a system packet loss objective function is established, and the modulation coding mode can be determined by solving the objective function minimum. Secondly, the modulation coding mode is dynamically adjusted according to certain rules, determined by the channel state and the queue state jointly. Finally, the system packet loss rate is reduced and the transmission performance of the system is improved. The theoretical analysis and simulation results show that compared with the SLBCCQ method, this method can reduce the system packet loss rate by up to 30%. Meanwhile, compared with the AMC algorithm, it can reduce the system packet loss rate by 41.7%.