Test method for spalling of fire exposed concrete

Hertz, Kristian Dahl; Sørensen, Lene Tolstrup

doi:10.1016/j.firesaf.2005.04.001

Cited by 117 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Gluekler cited by Sakr states that failure of heated concrete surface occurs most likely by crack formation parallel to the hot surface, degradation of concrete strength, and pressuration of concrete pores [4]. Moreover, the spalling may substantially reduce the load-bearing capacity of a fire-damaged [15,16]. Furthermore, the concrete can be broken into pieces often without advance notice due to thermal explosions [9].…”

Section: Visual Inspectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retained properties of concrete exposed to high temperatures: Size effect

Arıöz

2009

Fire and Materials

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SUMMARYConcrete as a construction material is likely exposed to high temperatures during fire. The retained properties of concrete after such exposures are still of great importance in terms of the serviceability of structures. This paper presents the effects of high temperatures on the physical, mechanical, and microstructural properties of concrete. Specimens with different sizes were exposed to high temperatures ranging from 200 to 1200 • C. The compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity, and rebound numbers of the specimens were determined. The microstructures of the specimens were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses. The test results indicated that the retained compressive strength of concrete considerably decreased with increase in temperature. The effect of specimen size on the retained compressive strength was not pronounced. The retained splitting tensile strength of concrete remarkably reduced as the temperature was increased. The specimen size played an important role on the retained splitting tensile strength of concrete up to 400 • C. The test results revealed that ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) test can be successfully used in order to check the uniformity of fire-damaged structures. The rebound numbers decreased with increase in exposure temperature. SEM studies on specimens exposed to 800 • C revealed significant changes in the microstructure of the concrete.

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Section: Visual Inspectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retained properties of concrete exposed to high temperatures: Size effect

Arıöz

2009

Fire and Materials

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“…Hertz and Sorensen, 2005). In general, it is found that fresh (wet) concrete and highstrength concretes are more susceptible to spalling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Behaviour of a concrete structure in a real compartment fire

Gillie

Stratford

Chen

2012

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Structures

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In July 2006, a full-scale compartment fire was set in an existing block of flats in Dalmarnock, Glasgow, Scotland.Prior to ignition, the structure was instrumented with deflection gauges, thermocouples and strain gauges. The growth of the fire was also carefully monitored. The resulting data provided a unique record of the behaviour of a concrete structure in fire through a heating-cooling cycle. The results show significant variation in structural temperatures within a relatively small compartment, demonstrating that the assumption of uniform temperature at any level within a fire compartment, which is implicit in many simple design fires, is incorrect. The response of the structure showed a corresponding complexity due to the combination of non-uniform spatial and temporal heating and the structural boundary conditions.

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“…In addition, the cross-section of the member reduces, hence reducing the flexural rigidity. Thermal spalling, however, is more important in elements with more than 4-5 cm cover (Majorana et al, 2010) or those made of high-strength concrete (Kodur, 2005) containing particles smaller than the cement grains (micro silica, for example) and a moisture content more than 3-4% (Hertz, 2003;Hertz and Sørensen, 2005). For the elements used in this study, which are made from normal strength concrete with a cover of 4·0 cm and moisture of 2%, thermal spalling is not considered.…”

Section: Structures and Buildings Volume 169 Issue Sb1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Firewalls and post-earthquake fire resistance of reinforced-concrete frames

Behnam¹,

Ronagh²

2016

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Structures

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2Post-earthquake fire (PEF) contributes significantly to loss of life and property following large earthquakes in urban regions. In the absence of adequate PEF provisions in the codes and criteria, an investigation is performed on a reinforced concrete portal frame, divided into two unequal parts by a firewall. Acknowledging that firewalls could break down after earthquake, three fire exposure scenarios are assumed: only the left part exposed, only the right part exposed and the entire frame exposed. In the first two scenarios, the firewall remains intact, whereas in the third it is assumed to be broken down. The building is first pushed to displacement corresponding to the life safety level of performance based on FEMA 356 code. Then, using a natural fire curve, fire analysis is performed. Fire-alone analysis is performed to provide a point of reference. No failure occurs in any of the fire-alone scenarios, or when exposing the smaller part of the building to the PEF. In contrast, exposing the larger part and the entire frame to PEF makes the frame fail at around 50 min and 25 min, respectively. This shows the importance of firewalls to reduce vulnerability of reinforced concrete buildings in case of PEF. The approach used allows designers to choose the position and configuration of firewalls to best protect a building against PEF.

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Test method for spalling of fire exposed concrete

Cited by 117 publications

References 3 publications

Retained properties of concrete exposed to high temperatures: Size effect

Retained properties of concrete exposed to high temperatures: Size effect

Behaviour of a concrete structure in a real compartment fire

Firewalls and post-earthquake fire resistance of reinforced-concrete frames

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