Tessaracoccus rhinocerotis sp. nov., isolated from the faeces of Rhinoceros unicornis

Abstract

A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, irregular rod-shaped, non-motile and facultatively anaerobic actinobacterium, designated strain YIM 101269 T , was isolated from the faeces of Rhinoceros unicornis living in Yunnan Wild Animal Park, Yunnan province, south-west China. The isolate grew at 10-35 8C, at pH 6-12 and with 0-9 % (w/v) NaCl. The cell-wall peptidoglycan of the organism contained LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. The polar lipids detected were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified polar lipids, one unidentified aminophospholipid and three unknown glycolipids. The major cellar fatty acid was anteiso-C 15 : 0 .MK-10(H 4 ) was the predominant menaquinone. The DNA G+C content was 69.5 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 101269 T belonged to the genus Tessaracoccus, closely related to Tessaracoccus flavescens DSM 18582 T (97.4 % similarity). Based on the evidence from the present study, strain YIM 101269 T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Tessaracoccus, for which the name Tessaracoccus rhinocerotis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 101269 T (5DSM 27579 T 5CCTCC AB 2013217 T ).The genus Tessaracoccus was erected by Maszenan et al. (1999) and was characterized as comprising facultatively aerobic, non-motile, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, non-sporeforming, coccoid-shaped bacteria. Strain YIM 101269 T was isolated from the faeces of Rhinoceros unicornis living in Yunnan Wild Animal Park, Yunnan province, south-west China. Fresh faeces of Rhinoceros unicornis was collected into a sterile bag immediately after defecation and brought back to the lab. The samples were dried at 28 8C for 1 week, then heated at 80 8C for 1 h and ground lightly with a sterile pestle. The sample was dissolved with 18 ml of 0.1 % Na 4 P 2 O 7 and shaken for 1 h. Finally, the sample was disrupted for 40 s using an ultrasonic wave device. The ultrasonic wave machine used was 160 W and 50 KHz. Aliquots (100 ml) of the serial diluent of the samples were spread onto YIM 6 agar plates. The isolation medium (YIM 6) contained 1 % soluble starch, 0.03 % casein, 0.2 % KNO 3 , 0.2 % NaCl, 0.2 % KH 2 PO 4 , 0.002 % CaCO 3 , 0.005 % MgSO 4 . 7H 2 O, 0.001 % FeSO 4 . 7H 2 O and 1.3 % agar, pH 7.2, plus 50 mg K 2 Cr 2 O 7 l 21 . The plates were incubated at 28 8C for 10 days. The purified strain was routinely cultivated on YIM 38 agar plates (0.4 % glucose,0.4 % yeast extract, 0.5 % malt extract, 3.7 mg vitamin mixture, 1.3 % agar, pH 7.2) at 28 8C and stored as aqueous glycerol suspensions (20 %, v/v) at 220 8C.Morphological observations under a light microscope (model BH2; Olympus) and scanning electron microscope (Quanta 200, FEI) were observed following the procedure described by Cheng et al. (2013). Gram-staining was 3These authors contributed equally to this work.

Tessaracoccus antarcticus sp. nov., a rhodopsin-containing bacterium from an Antarctic environment and emended description of the genus Tessaracoccus

“…The cell wall of strain JDX10 T contained ll-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan, indicating its presence as the diagnostic diamino acid. The major isoprenoid quinone of strain JDX10 T was MK-10(H 4 ) (91.7 %), which is in agreement with the description of T. rhinocerotis CCTCC AB 2013217 T [11]. By contrast, a test of the quinone composition of T. bendigoensis JCM 13525 T [1] and T. terricola JCM 32157 T [10] confirmed MK-9(H 4 ) as the major compound.…”

“…The draft genome sequence of strain JDX10 T consisted of 13 contigs (>1000 bp) of 3, 649,759 bp with shortest contig size of 1011 bp and longest contig size of 1, 639, 251 bp. From the draft genome sequence, the G+C content of strain JDX10 T was calculated to be 66.9 mol%, which is in accordance with reported values for Tessaracoccus species (66.7-74.5 mol%) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. The related genome data for strain JDX10 T and closely related type strains are listed in Table S1, available in the online version of this article.…”

“…Moreover, the predominant cellular fatty acid component is anteiso-C 15 : 0 . Species of the genus Tessaracoccus have a high DNA G+C content, ranging from 66.7 to 74.5 mol% [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. The increasing availability of molecular identification methods has provided microbiologists with ever-increasing opportunities to identify novel species, driving an important expansion in bacterial taxonomy.…”

“…The antibiotic resistance pattern of strain JDX10 T was assessed by the disc diffusion method on TSA for 3 days at 28 °C. Sixteen antibiotic discs (μg per disc unless indicated) generally used for strain JDX10 T were chosen: penicillin (11), erythromycin (15), ofloxacin (5), neomycin (30), ceftriaxone (30), vancomycin (30), gentamycin (11), chloramphenicol (30), rifampin (5), kanamycin (30), clarithromycin (5), lincomycin (2), tobramycin (11), streptomycin (11), norfloxacin (11)and tetracycline (30). CLSI standards were strictly followed for cultivation and inhibition zone diameter reading [36].…”

Tessaracoccus flavus sp. nov., isolated from the drainage system of a lindane-producing factory

“…At the time of writing, there were six validly named species within this genus, namely: Tessaracoccus bendigoensis (Maszenan et al, 1999), T. flavescens (Lee & Lee, 2008), T. lubricantis (Kämpfer et al, 2009), T. oleiagri (Cai et al, 2011), T. lapidicaptus (Puente-Sánchez et al, 2014) and T. rhinocerotis (Li et al, 2016). These species have been isolated from diverse niches, namely activated sludge biomass, marine sediment, metalworking fluid, oil-contaminated saline soil, deep subsurface of a pyrite belt and faeces of Rhinoceros unicornis, respectively.…”