Territorial Maps of Senior Entrepreneurship: A Multidimensional Analysis Based on GEM Data

Sáiz-Álvarez, José Manuel; Coduras-Martínez, Alicia

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-15526-1_8

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…As the literature differs on the age with which to start for senior entrepreneurs, our research considers senior entrepreneurs to be those over 50 years old who decide to start a new business. This definition is consistent with the GEM data and previous studies, such as Cerveny et al (2016), Karoly and Zissimopoulos (2004), Maâlaoui et al (2012), Maritz and Eager (2017), Kenny and Rossiter (2018), Van Solinge (2014) and Saiz‐Álvarez and Coduras‐Martínez (2020).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 91%

Senior and technology entrepreneurship: An analysis for OECD countries

et al. 2022

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Aging of the population has created a direct effect on economies and tension on social security systems. Policymakers have been senior entrepreneurship as an option to reduce unemployment and delay the age of retirement. The positive effects, of creating a firm increase when is operating in technology-based sectors. This paper explores the technological and senior entrepreneurship relations, analyzing if age influences technological entrepreneurship and if determining factors for senior and non-senior groups are different. By using a sample of 8637 entrepreneurs in 22 OECD countries based on Global Entrepreneurial Monitor 2018 data, the results firstly show a negative effect of being a senior entrepreneur, understood as an entrepreneur aged 50+ years, on technological entrepreneurship. Secondly, it has been detected that in some way senior entrepreneurship follows a different pattern of the probability of entrepreneurship in technology sectors than the sample of the nonsenior entrepreneurs.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 91%

Senior and technology entrepreneurship: An analysis for OECD countries

et al. 2022

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“…To finalise the adjustments in the database, the selection criteria for the sample participants was used. Although there is no single definition regarding the starting age of senior entrepreneurs (Curran and Blackburn, 2001; Figueiredo and Paiva, 2019;Kautonen et al , 2011; Palma-Ruiz et al , 2020; Pilkova et al , 2014; Rehak et al , 2017; Saiz-Álvarez and Coduras-Martínez, 2019; Stypińska et al , 2019), entrepreneurship tends to meet consensus as a viable employment path for the older part of the population that can be the next generation of entrepreneurs (Figueiredo and Paiva, 2019; Ratten, 2019). Previous studies have found a quadratic relationship of age with entrepreneurial intention reporting the inflexion point around 40–50 years (Figueiredo and Paiva, 2019).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This research aims to provide an integrated analysis encompassing a multi-country database examining senior entrepreneurship in the face of the human development index (HDI). However, contrary to Saiz-Álvarez and Coduras-Martínez (2019), who used HDI as a predictor variable of senior entrepreneurship, in this study, HDI is adopted as a segmentation variable of nations. Its choice was motivated by two factors: first, for being an exogenous measure of economic and entrepreneurial activity and second, for highlighting sustainability and social perspectives with a focus on inequalities in human aspects and longevity and life expectancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Appraising the role of age among senior entrepreneurial intentions. European analysis based on HDI

Linardi

Costa

2021

JEEE

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Purpose The research aims to examine the underlying factors of entrepreneurial intentions among seniors. In this vein, it evaluates the role of social context proxied by the human development index (HDI) along with individual characteristics towards these initiatives. Emerging economies deliver great potential for income generation swiftly approaching the standards of their developed counterparts. Their present ageing trends severely threaten growth prospects because of workforce withering. European insights will help anticipating constraints through alternative models of human capital allocation. Design/methodology/approach Four logistic regressions were run to address hypotheses in test, relying upon the global entrepreneurship monitor – adult population survey. Estimations include 20,386 individuals from database and 21 European Union countries. Ex-post robustness checks corroborate the global significance of the proposed model. Findings Empirical findings reinforce the importance of the macroeconomic context among senior endeavours and the non-linearities in terms of the age effect. Moreover, context can help eroding gender gaps in this field and refine the opportunity perception These results go in line with the literature and extend the importance of promoting a favourable ecosystem. Promotion of senior endeavours must consider smart policy packages encompassing the individual singularities as this age range will be too important to be wasted. Senior entrepreneurs are key to the latent job market crisis, needing to be encouraged through positive discrimination. Research limitations/implications Originally, by incorporating an exogenous variable encompassing the role of the entrepreneurial context, this study contributes academically to evaluating the determinants of entrepreneurial activity among the elderly. In addition, the development of cohorts highlights the specific importance of individual characteristics in entrepreneurial propensity in each context. The heterogenous results proves the ineffectiveness of “one sizes fits all” policies. Practical implications This research reinforces extant literature, notwithstanding the empirical refinements implemented brought up two additional perspectives: complementing previous towards the relevance of HDI cohorts along with the non-linearities of the effect of age. Learning from the European context and acknowledging efficacy of policy instruments will avoid serendipitous actions or failures, enhancing promising ecosystems such as emerging economies. Originality/value The study academically contributes to the appraisal of the determinants of entrepreneurial activity among seniors, thus, in an original way, by incorporating an exogenous variable to appraise the role of the context. Development cohorts evidence the existence of singularities in entrepreneurial propensity and individual characteristics according to their levels, such that policy actions should consider their differences.

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“…Against a background of increasing discontinuity in employment biographies and in a world of social policy instruments to delay retirement, taking the step into entrepreneurship is becoming a “new normal” in aging research on labor participation at older ages (Franke, 2012 ; Kautonen et al, 2017 ; Damman and van Solinge, 2018 , 2019 ; Stypińska et al, 2019 ; Saiz-Álvarez and Coduras-Martínez, 2020 ; Maritz et al, 2021 ). Mature entrepreneurship, while remaining a relatively rare phenomenon, is currently attracting increasing attention from policymakers worldwide [Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), 2017 , 2020 , 2021 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in the determinants of mature entrepreneurship? The case of Germany

Gordo

Stypińska²,

Franke³

2022

Front. Sociol.

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Mature female entrepreneurs represent a non-traditional model of self-employed workers in both ways: in terms of gender and age. The transition into self-employment for women aged 45 years and older represents a topic of aging research that still tends to be overlooked. Previous studies found ambivalent results for the issue regarding motives and entrepreneurial pathways between former employmen or unemployment–and starting one's own business and the ways in which these entrepreneurial activities are shaped by social differences (such as gender) and biographically accumulated resources and restrictions. This article studies biographical-related factors and motivations that determine what is variously referred to as mature entrepreneurship for men and women aged 45 and above. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), the descriptive analysis explains the main gender differences among people within the target age group who have taken the step into self-employment. The multivariate analysis interrogates the main determinants that govern any increase in the probability of becoming self-employed after the age of 45 and seeks to identify the main differences between women and men in relation to such determinants. The results show substantial gender-based occupational segregation in entrepreneurship patterns in this age group, with men working longer hours on average than women and enjoying higher average earnings. However, the multivariate analysis shows that the main drivers for mature entrepreneurship are similar for both men and women and that necessity represents an important factor for everyone for starting a business.

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Territorial Maps of Senior Entrepreneurship: A Multidimensional Analysis Based on GEM Data

Cited by 11 publications

References 9 publications

Senior and technology entrepreneurship: An analysis for OECD countries

Senior and technology entrepreneurship: An analysis for OECD countries

Appraising the role of age among senior entrepreneurial intentions. European analysis based on HDI

Gender differences in the determinants of mature entrepreneurship? The case of Germany

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