Territorial, Continental and Global Aspects of C, N, P and S Emissions from Agricultural Ecosystems

Isermann, K.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-76064-8_3

Cited by 26 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The surplus of nitrogen in conventional agriculture of several European countries calculated by different authors (summarized see : Isermann, 1993) generally amounted to more than 100 kg N/ha farm area per year, mainly caused by the import of mineral N-fertilizer and fodder purchase. Consequently, the concentration of nitrate in the drainwater was higher in conventional farms, with and without livestock, compared to organic mixed farms ( Figure 1).…”

Section: Closed Nutrient Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient Management in Organic Farming Systems: the Case of Nitrogen

Köpke

1995

Biological Agriculture & Horticulture

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Nitrogen management in organic agriculture is discussed focussing on strategies maximizing nitrogen input (source: Nrfixation) and minimizing nitrate losses on-site(field losses) and off-site (losses from manure heaps).Due to a strong relationship between grain yield/amount of N in grains and N 2 -fixation in pulse~rops or total dry matter yield and N 2 -fixation in fodder legumes, e.g. grass/clover mixtures, nitrogen fixation can be maximized by selecting the best site-adapted (best yielding) species, varieties or mixtures, respectively.Strategies to reduce nitrate losses are based on N-sinks, that is, plants taking up soil-borne and residual nitrogen during or after growth of legumes efficiently, e.g. brassica-underseeds in faba beans, catch crops, or following crops with great sink capacity for nitrogen.In order to keep pre-winter mineralization as low as possible (minimizing N-source) turn over of grass/clover can be postponed or tillage intensity can be reduced in depth or frequency.Gaseous losses of NH 3 from manure heaps can be reduced by shorter duration of storage, by covering heaps with clay or stone meal having a high base exchange capacity, and by covering heaps with an additional layer of organic residues of high carbon content.Field losses of ammonia can be reduced by injecting liquid manures directly to the soil. Generally manures have to be turned under immediately after distribution.

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Section: Closed Nutrient Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient Management in Organic Farming Systems: the Case of Nitrogen

Köpke

1995

Biological Agriculture & Horticulture

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“…It is argued that the use of animal manure inevitably causes large losses of nutrients to the environment (Ministry of Agriculture, Nature Management and Fisheries of the Netherlands 1993; Baker & Senft 1992;Huppes et al 1992). Although ultimately these flows can be traced back to industrial fertilizer, the inefficiency of stock-breeding processes causes the real problems by creating a need for such a high input (Isermann 1993). In this policy line, the most drastic solution is to close down the entire stock-breeding sector throughout the EU.…”

Section: Package 4: Terminating All Stock-breeding Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen pollution in the European Union – an economy-environment confrontation

1996

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SummaryThe production and import of fertilizer have previously been identified as the major source of three separate European environmental problems related to nitrogen compounds. In order to obtain a picture of the changes in the anthropogenic nitrogen flows needed for a solution, the effectiveness of several more radical interventions is estimated using Substance Flow Analysis (SFA). A selection of rigorous technical measures is expected to reduce the atmospheric deposition of N compounds to a level that seems acceptable for the EU as a whole, and will reduce the anthropogenic input of N compounds into the North Sea well below the agreed level of 50% of the present load. The third problem, the pollution of groundwater with nitrates, would remain unsolved. Resolution of this last problem requires radical changes in the agricultural sector, reducing agricultural output substantially. Two directions are explored by assessing the impacts of the extremes: termination of industrial fertilizer use to combat the problems at the source, and abolition of the entire stock-breeding sector to increase agricultural efficiency radically. These changes do contribute to a solution of the groundwater problem, but imply either greater dependence on imported food, or a major change in food consumption patterns, from animal towards vegetable products. The current EU population and diet are incompatible with the absence of environmental problems. The question then arises, how does acceptance of the draconian measures required to solve such an environmental problem weigh up against acceptance of the fact of having to cope with contaminated groundwater?

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“…With the increasing interest in Agriculture and animal production in particular as a source of livelihood and employment in Nigeria, there is the danger of exacerbating the negative effect of climate change issues in the country. As reported by FAO, 2020, agriculture accounts for around 21-25%, 42% and 72% of total human induced emissions of carbon dioxide (CO ), methane (CH ) and nitrous (Isserman, 1992;Duxbary and Mosier, 1993;Yahya, 2019). According to Sejian (2016) and FAO (2020), the animal agriculture sector is responsible for approximately 15-18% or nearly one-fifth of human induced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change and youth unemployment challenges in Nigeria: The poultry production option

Ahiwe

Obikaonu

Kadurumba

et al. 2021

NJAP

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This paper discusses climate change and poultry production as their interaction impacts on unemployment in Nigeria. Climate change and animal production have always had a negative impact on each other, with animal production accounting for about 15-18% global anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission in form of carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) which are emitted when animals respire. On the other hand, the effect of climate change and global warming on animal production is on the increase and will continue to increase with the high rate of man's industrial activity if not checked. In Nigeria, there is an increasing demand for animal protein and the unemployment rate is increasing yearly because of high increase in population. In order to meet up with this increase in demand for food and reduce youth unemployment in an environment with less climate change challenge, more youth involvement in Agriculture is needed. But, this agricultural revolution will have great challenge on the environment because of the high rate of climate change that goes with industrialization and agriculture. Because poultry have low global warming potential, it has an edge over other animals or livestock such as cattle, sheep, and goat. This is because poultry has low GHGs emission as a result of its low enteric methane production rates compared to ruminant animal species. Apart from poultry being cheap, it is nutritious and readily marketable. In addition, it can be a nice source of investment and income generation for Nigerian youths, if harnessed properly. It is therefore, concluded and recommended that to meet up with the ever-increasing demand for jobs in an environment having less climate change challenges, various government agencies, banks, private sectors, civil society, rural co-operative societies, youth agencies in Nigeria with the assistance of various international donor agencies can collaborate and play a more facilitating role through giving of loans, grants and adequate extension services to ensure that food security and youth empowerment is achieved within an eco-friendly environment through profitable poultry production. Cet article discute du changement climatique et de la production de volaille comme leurs effets d'interaction sur le chômage au Nigéria. Le changement climatique et la production animale ont toujours eu un impact négatif l'un sur l'autre, la production animale représentant environ 15 à 18% des émissions mondiales de gaz à effet de serre (GES) anthropiques sous forme de dioxyde de carbone (CO2), d'oxyde nitreux (N2O) et de méthane (CH4) qui sont émis lorsque les animaux respirent. En revanche, l'effet du changement climatique et du réchauffement planétaire sur la production animale est en augmentation et continuera d'augmenter avec le taux élevé de l'activité industrielle de l'homme s'il n'est pas maîtrisé. Au Nigéria, il y a une demande croissante de protéines animales et le taux de chômage augmente chaque année en raison de la forte augmentation de la population. Afin de répondre à cette augmentation de la demande alimentaire et de réduire le chômage des jeunes dans un environnement où les défis du changement climatique sont moins importants, une plus grande implication des jeunes dans l'agriculture est nécessaire. Mais, cette révolution agricole aura un grand défi sur l'environnement en raison du taux élevé de changement climatique qui accompagne l'industrialisation et l'agriculture. Parce que la volaille a un faible potentiel de réchauffement planétaire, elle a un avantage sur les autres animaux ou le bétail comme les bovins, les moutons et les chèvres. En effet, la volaille a de faibles émissions de GES en raison de ses faibles taux de production de méthane entérique par rapport aux espèces animales ruminantes. En plus d'être bon marché, la volaille est nutritive et facilement commercialisable. En outre, il peut être une belle source d'investissement et de génération de revenus pour les jeunes Nigérians, s'il est correctement exploité. Il est donc conclu et recommandé que pour répondre à la demande toujours croissante d'emplois dans un environnement ayant moins de défis liés au changement climatique, diverses agences gouvernementales, banques, secteurs privés, société civile, sociétés coopératives rurales, agences de jeunesse au Nigéria avec l'aide de divers organismes donateurs internationaux peuvent collaborer et jouer un rôle plus facilitateur en accordant des prêts, des subventions et des services de vulgarisation adéquats pour garantir la sécurité alimentaire et l'autonomisation des jeunes dans un environnement respectueux de l'environnement grâce à une production avicole rentable.

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Territorial, Continental and Global Aspects of C, N, P and S Emissions from Agricultural Ecosystems

Cited by 26 publications

References 11 publications

Nutrient Management in Organic Farming Systems: the Case of Nitrogen

Nutrient Management in Organic Farming Systems: the Case of Nitrogen

Nitrogen pollution in the European Union – an economy-environment confrontation

Climate change and youth unemployment challenges in Nigeria: The poultry production option

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