Terrestrial laser scanning harnessed for moisture detection in building materials – Problems and limitations

Suchocki, Czesław; Katzer, Jacek

doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2018.06.010

Cited by 42 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…As seen in Figure 7, the locations of moisture changes were indicated. Surface moisture affects the intensity of the reflected laser signal by absorbing the energy of the laser beam [19]; therefore, wet/humid places are visible in the point cloud. Segmentation was conducted in the OXYI coordinate system, so the radiometric information from the laser beam was analyzed here.…”

Section: Data Processing and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such changes to the buildings and structures are very often associated with poor technical conditions of the surface. It should be noted that the TLS intensity value depends mainly on the physio-chemical properties of the scanned areas, such as color [17], roughness [18], and saturation [19,20]. The choice of how the dataset is analyzed (in OXYZ or OXYI coordinate systems) depends on the user.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Automatic Threat Detection for Historic Buildings in Dark Places Based on the Modified OptD Method

Błaszczak-Bąk

Suchocki

Janicka

et al. 2020

IJGI

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Historic buildings, due to their architectural, cultural, and historical value, are the subject of preservation and conservatory works. Such operations are preceded by an inventory of the object. One of the tools that can be applied for such purposes is Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR). This technology provides information about the position, reflection, and intensity values of individual points; thus, it allows for the creation of a realistic visualization of the entire scanned object. Due to the fact that LiDAR allows one to ‘see’ and extract information about the structure of an object without the need for external lighting or daylight, it can be a reliable and very convenient tool for data analysis for improving safety and avoiding disasters. The main goal of this paper is to present an approach of automatic wall defect detection in unlit sites by means of a modified Optimum Dataset (OptD) method. In this study, the results of Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) measurements conducted in two historic buildings in rooms without daylight are presented. One location was in the basement of the ruins of a medieval tower located in Dobre Miasto, Poland, and the second was in the basement of a century-old building located at the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland. The measurements were performed by means of a Leica C-10 scanner. The acquired dataset of x, y, z, and intensity was processed by the OptD method. The OptD operates in such a way that within the area of interest where surfaces are imperfect (e.g., due to cracks and cavities), more points are preserved, while at homogeneous surfaces (areas of low interest), more points are removed (redundant information). The OptD algorithm was additionally modified by introducing options to detect and segment defects on a scale from 0 to 3 (0—harmless, 1—to the inventory, 2—requiring repair, 3—dangerous). The survey results obtained proved the high effectiveness of the modified OptD method in the detection and segmentation of the wall defects. The values of area of changes were calculated. The obtained information about the size of the change can be used to estimate the costs of repair, renovation, and reconstruction.

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Section: Data Processing and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic Threat Detection for Historic Buildings in Dark Places Based on the Modified OptD Method

Błaszczak-Bąk

Suchocki

Janicka

et al. 2020

IJGI

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“…Recently, the intensity values recorded by TLSs have been increasingly used in multiple fields of civil engineering. So far, authors have conducted thorough and successful research programmes dedicated to harnessing TLS intensity data to detect the saturation of building materials [29,41], using TLS intensity data to detect defects on the building wall [27], or applying TLS geometrical data to detect cracks and cavities in building objects [42]. In these studies, different types of scanners (TOF and PS) from different manufacturers were used.…”

Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where C 1 = πP T η Atm η Sys is an unknown but constant parameter for a specific scanner and for a specific measurement, and C 2 = cos α 4R 2 is a changeable parameter that can be eliminated. By properly analysing the intensity value by scanning the building, surface changes, such as roughness, colour and humidity can be detected [25,29,52]. A symptom of the poor technical condition of a building and structure are mainly wall cavities and cracks.…”

Section: Radiometric Information Of a Laser Beammentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A large number of scientists have focused only on TLS spatial data analysis to detect changes on a building's surface, such as cracks and cavities [21,22], whereas the intensity data recorded by TLS has been studied by multiple scientists over the last decade [23][24][25][26]. This intensity can be effectively used to identify different changes in the surfaces of walls, such as cracks and cavities [27,28], moisture [29,30] and biodeterioration (mosses and lichens) [31,32]. Currently, the use of the intensity value in diagnostic measurements is of special interest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Time-of-Flight and Phase-Shift TLS Intensity Data for the Diagnostics Measurements of Buildings

Suchocki

2020

Materials

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In recent years, the terrestrial laser scanning system (TLS) has become one of the most popular remote and nondestructive testing (NDT) methods for diagnostic measurements of buildings and structures as well as for the assessment of architectural heritage. Apart from 3D coordinates, the power of a laser beam backscattered from the scanned object can be captured by TLS. The radiometric information of the point cloud, called “intensity”, can provide information about changes in the physio–chemical properties of the scanned surface. This intensity can be effectively used to detect defects in the surfaces of walls, such as cracks and cavities, moisture, biodeterioration (mosses and lichens) or weathered parts of the wall. Manufacturers of TLS mainly use two different principles for distance measurement, time-of-flight (TOF) and phase-shift (PS). The power of energy in both types of rangefinders might be absorbed or reflected in a slightly different way and provide more or less detailed radiometric point cloud information. The main aim of this investigation is to compare TOF and PS scanners in the context of using TLS intensity data for the diagnostics of buildings and other structures. The potential of TLS intensity data for detecting defects in building walls has been tested on multiple samples by two TOF (Riegl VZ400i, Leica ScanStation C10) and two PS (Z + F 5016 IMAGER, Faro Focus3D) scanners.

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Evaluation of surface damage for in-service deteriorated agricultural concrete headworks using 3D point clouds by laser scanning method

Shibano,

Morozova,

Ito

et al. 2024

Paddy Water Environ

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Terrestrial laser scanning harnessed for moisture detection in building materials – Problems and limitations

Cited by 42 publications

References 24 publications

Automatic Threat Detection for Historic Buildings in Dark Places Based on the Modified OptD Method

Automatic Threat Detection for Historic Buildings in Dark Places Based on the Modified OptD Method

Comparison of Time-of-Flight and Phase-Shift TLS Intensity Data for the Diagnostics Measurements of Buildings

Evaluation of surface damage for in-service deteriorated agricultural concrete headworks using 3D point clouds by laser scanning method

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