Terrestrial and Aerial Laser Scanning Data Integration Using Wavelet Analysis for the Purpose of 3D Building Modeling

Kędzierski, Michał; Fryśkowska, Anna

doi:10.3390/s140712070

Cited by 59 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…(Habib et al, 2010;Kedzierski and Fryskowska, 2014;Xiong et al, 2015)), we have examined several categories of sources of data. For instance, national standards and guidelines (AdV, 2011(AdV, , 2013Stoter et al, 2014;Blaauboer et al, 2013; Chinese Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, 2010), examples of series and specifications of 3D city models not related to CityGML (Köninger and Bartel, 1998;Batty et al, 2000;Kemec et al, 2012;Schilcher et al, 1998;Thiemann, 2003;Demir and Baltsavias, 2012), usually in the field of 3D generalisation (Zhao et al, 2012;Li et al, 2013), visualisation (Andujar et al, 2010;Rau and Cheng, 2013) and 3D reconstruction (Huang et al, 2011;Verma et al, 2006).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are normally derived from terrestrial laser scanning (El Meouche et al, 2013;Akmalia et al, 2014), very dense airborne laser scanning (Truong-Hong and Laefer, 2015), their combination (Kedzierski and Fryskowska, 2014), from the conversion and generalisation from architecturally detailed models such as BIM (Donkers et al, 2015;Geiger et al, 2015;Isikdag and Zlatanova, 2009;de Laat and van Berlo, 2011) and CAD (Lewis and Séquin, 1998;Huang et al, 2008), from architectural plans (Yin et al, 2009), ground imagery (Xiao et al, 2009), and with procedural modelling (Goetz, 2013;Smelik et al, 2014;Martinović et al, 2015). Recent research in the acquisition of LOD3 models is focused to automatisation, especially automatic detection of windows and other façade details (Becker, 2009(Becker, , 2011Van Gool and Martinović, 2013).…”

Section: Lod3 Familymentioning

confidence: 99%

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An improved LOD specification for 3D building models

Biljecki

Ledoux

Stoter

2016

Computers, Environment and Urban Systems

333

176

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The level of detail (LOD) concept of the OGC standard CityGML 2.0 is intended to differentiate multi-scale representations of semantic 3D city models. The concept is in practice principally used to indicate the geometric detail of a model, primarily of buildings. Despite the popularity and the general acceptance of this categorisation, we argue in this paper that from a geometric point of view the five LODs are insufficient and that their specification is ambiguous.We solve these shortcomings with a better definition of LODs and their refinement. Hereby we present a refined set of 16 LODs focused on the grade of the exterior geometry of buildings, which provide a stricter specification and allow less modelling freedom. This series is a result of an exhaustive research into currently available 3D city models, production workflows, and capabilities of acquisition techniques. Our specification also includes two hybrid models that reflect common acquisition practices. The new LODs are in line with the LODs of CityGML 2.0, and are intended to supplement, rather than replace the geometric part of the current specification. While in our paper we focus on the geometric aspect of the models, our specification is compatible with different levels of semantic granularity. Furthermore, the improved LODs can be considered format-agnostic.Among other benefits, the refined specification could be useful for companies for a better definition of their product portfolios, and for researchers to specify data requirements when presenting use cases of 3D city models. We support our refined LODs with experiments, proving their uniqueness by showing that each yields a different result in a 3D spatial operation.Keywords: Level of detail; 3D city modelling; 3D GIS; 3D building models; CityGML; Scale Highlights• CityGML LODs are an industry standard for conveying the grade of 3D city models.• The 5 LODs are not defined precisely, and they are not sufficient for this purpose.• We present a refined series of 16 LODs that overcomes these issues.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lod3 Familymentioning

confidence: 99%

An improved LOD specification for 3D building models

Biljecki

Ledoux

Stoter

2016

Computers, Environment and Urban Systems

333

176

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The paper presents the results of combining TLS and ALS data using a historical synagogue building as an example. More details concern to this subject was published by authors in (Kedzierski, Fryskowska, 2014).…”

Section: Purpose Of Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

ALS and TLS data fusion in cultural heritage documentation and modeling

Fryśkowska

Walczykowski

Deliś

et al. 2015

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:One of the most important aspects of documenting cultural heritage sites is acquiring detailed and accurate data. A popular method of storing 3D information about historical structures is using 3D models. These models are built based on terrestrial or aerial laser scanning data. These methods are seldom used together. Historical buildings usually have a very complex design, therefore the input data, on the basis of which their 3D models are being built, must provide a high enough accuracy to model these complexities. The data processing methods used, as well as the modeling algorithms implemented, should be highly automated and universal. The main of the presented research was to analyze and compare various methods for extracting matching points. The article presents the results of combining data from ALS and TLS using reference points extracted both manually and automatically. Finally, the publication also includes an analysis of the accuracy of the data merging process.

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“…There is many publication that threat about 3D building modeling that use terrestrial laser scanning and imagery systems. (Kedzierski and Fryskowska, 2015), (Kedzierski and Fryskowska, 2014), (Wilinska et al, 2012), (Sester, 2007), (Haala and Brenner, 1999a) or (Haala and Brenner, 1999b).…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of Geodata in Documenting Castle Ruins

Delis¹,

Wojtkowska²,

Nerc³

et al. 2016

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:Textured three dimensional models are currently the one of the standard methods of representing the results of photogrammetric works. A realistic 3D model combines the geometrical relations between the structure's elements with realistic textures of each of its elements. Data used to create 3D models of structures can be derived from many different sources. The most commonly used tool for documentation purposes, is a digital camera and nowadays terrestrial laser scanning (TLS). Integration of data acquired from different sources allows modelling and visualization of 3D models historical structures. Additional aspect of data integration is possibility of complementing of missing points for example in point clouds. The paper shows the possibility of integrating data from terrestrial laser scanning with digital imagery and an analysis of the accuracy of the presented methods. The paper describes results obtained from raw data consisting of a point cloud measured using terrestrial laser scanning acquired from a Leica ScanStation2 and digital imagery taken using a Kodak DCS Pro 14N camera. The studied structure is the ruins of the Ilza castle in Poland.

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Terrestrial and Aerial Laser Scanning Data Integration Using Wavelet Analysis for the Purpose of 3D Building Modeling

Cited by 59 publications

References 11 publications

An improved LOD specification for 3D building models

An improved LOD specification for 3D building models

ALS and TLS data fusion in cultural heritage documentation and modeling

Integration of Geodata in Documenting Castle Ruins

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